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Учебник английского языка для обслуживающего персонала судов - Слинявчук - 2002.doc
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Урок 15

1. Страдательный залог Passive Voice

Страдательный залог образуется при помощи соответствующей временной формы глагола to be + 3-я форма смыслового глагола.

Present Indefinite

I am known

we are known

you are known

you are known

he is known she is known it is known

they are known

Past Indefinite

I was known

we were known

you were known

you were known

he was known she was known it was known

they were known

Future Indefinite

I will be known

we will be known

you will be known

you will be known

he will be known she will be known it will be known

they will be known

Present Perfect

I have been known

we have been known

you have been known

you have been known

he has been known she has been known it has been known

they have been known

Существительное, играющее роль дополнения в предложении действительного залога, в предложении страдательного залога становится подлежащим.

My teacher corrects my lessons every day.

My lessons are corrected by my teacher every day.

My teacher corrects my homework everyday.

My homework is corrected by my teacher every day.

Обычно в предложениях страдательного залога указывается лицо, производящее действие. Но иногда, когда это лицо неизвестно или не имеет значения, оно не указывается.

This house was built last year.

Our mail is always delivered in the morning.

2. Строение утвердительных, вопросительных и отрицательных предложений

Отрицательная форма страдательного залога образуется при помощи частицы not, следующей непосредственно за вспомогательным глаголом или его первой частью.

При образовании вопросительного предложения вспомогательный глагол (или его первая часть) стоит перед подлежащим.

The criminal

has been

caught.

Has

the criminal

been

caught?

The criminal

has not been

caught.

Hasn't

the criminal

been

caught?

The mail

is

delivered by Tom.

Is

the mail

delivered by Tom?

The mail

isn't

delivered by Tom.

Isn't

the mail

delivered by Tom?

3. Употребление слов always, already и yet в предложениях страдательного залога

В предложениях страдательного залога слова always, already и yet стоят после вспомогательного глагола или его первой части.

The work

is

always

done in time.

Is

the work

always

done in time?

The work

isn't

always

done in time.

Isn't

the work

always

done in time?

The letter

has

already

been

sent.

Has

the letter

been

sent

yet?

The letter

hasn't

been

sent

yet.

Hasn't

the letter

been

sent

yet?

TEXT 1

  1.  How old are you?  I am nineteen. I was born in 1983.

  2.  Where is the restaurant situated?  The restaurant is situated fore

  3.  When was Odessa founded?  Odessa was founded in 1794.

  4.  Are you single?  No, I'm not. I am married.

  5.  Is she married?  No, she isn't. She is divorced.

  6.  Have you already seen this film?  Yes, I have. It has already been shown.

  7.  How old is your ship?  Our ship was launched in 1990.