7. Попит і пропозиція. Розкрийте основні поняття та визначення у своїй презентації на науково-практичному семінарі.

I made a presentation on the current scientifically-practical seminar. The topic of my research is the supply and demand. So I would like to start my presentation with the concepts of supply and demand. Supply and demand is a key term in economics. Supply and demand represents has major influence on the cost of goods and services in an economy.

Supply is used to address the availability or quantity of goods and services. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain good producers are willing to supply when receiving a certain price. Demand is used to address the need or want of goods and services while maintaining the ability to purchase them. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price

Supply and demand has a major influence on the prices of goods and services. Here’s the formula…

If supply is greater than demand, then prices will fall over time.

If supply is equal to demand, then prices will remain stable over time.

If supply is lower than demand, then prices will raise over time. (For example: If consumers start desiring more any goods, they will be willing to pay more money for it. So, as a result, the demand for goods will increase while the supply of goods remains the same. Whenever that happens the price for goods will increase.)

8. Ваш викладач доручив вам підготувати повідомлення щодо основних інструментів маркетингової стратегії компанії. Які основні складові вашого виступу?

Every time you speak to someone about your business you are involved in marketing. Any conversation about your firm is an opportunity to promote your business and increase sales. A successful marketing strategy depends on understanding your customers, what they need and how you can persuade them to buy from you.

There are four main elements or tools of marketing. The four P’s are: product, price, place and promotion. Each one plays a vital role in the success or failure of the marketing strategy.

Product is seen as an item that satisfies what a consumer needs or wants. It is a tangible good or an intangible service. Intangible products are service based like the tourism industry, the hotel industry and the financial industry. Tangible products are those that have an independent physical existence.

Price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The price is very important as it determines the company's profit and hence, survival. Adjusting the price has a profound impact on the marketing strategy, and depending on the price elasticity of the product, often; it will affect the demand and sales as well. The marketer should set a price that complements the other elements of the marketing mix.

Place includes location of production and distribution. The place to see your product could be in dealers’ showroom or directly from the factory or from catalogs, direct – mail coupons, even telemarketing with telephone sales people or through computer shopping services.

Promotion includes all forms of marketing communication (advertising, direct mail, customer service, image, special events, sales and the product or service itself). The two basic types of advertising are product and institutional.

The most controllable of these factors is the first “P” – product (service). All product life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.