Упражнения

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выберите единственно правильный вариант ответа.

1. What fundamental discovery was made in 20-th century?

a) the discovery of penicillin

b) the discovery of the transmission of hereditary traits

c) the discovery of cancer

2. When and who has firstly synthesized a gene?

a) In 1953 the English biophysicist Francis Crick and the American biochemist James Watson;

b) The American biochemist Marshal Warren Nirenberg in the 1960s;

c) the Indian-born American biochemist Har Gobind Khorana in 1970;

3. What methods were developed concerning genes?

a) to develop genes and copy genes;

b) to form genes and copy genes;

c) to alter genes and copy genes;

II. Переведите следующие словосочетания c английского на русский язык:

Diseases were conquered, common illness, effectively combated, brain function, hereditary characteristics, from one bacterium to another, a substance called DNA, an elegant chemical structure, carry genetic information, provided essential details, developed methods, the mid-1980s, deoxyribonucleic acid, essential details, to synthesize a gene, to alter genes, the mid-1980s.

III. Соотнесите слова в колонке a со словами в колонке b, чтобы получилось словосочетание. Составьте по одному предложению с каждым из словосочетаний.

A	B
1. deoxyribonucleic	a. conditions
2. genetic	b. structure
3 hereditary	c. acid
4. common	d. information
5. chemical	e. traits
6. living	f. illness

IV. Н.И Пирогов (Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov) was a prominent Russian scientist, doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847).

He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaes-thetic.

He was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847), invented various kinds of surgical operations, and developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones.

His name is one of the most widely recognised in Russian medical history, and he is considered a Russian national hero.

Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. Who was Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov?

2. What did he first use in a field operation in 1847?

3. What technique did he develop to treat fractured bones?

УРОК 30-31. ТЕКСТ А: ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ В ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ (HEALTH SERVICE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM)

Текстовый глоссарий:

The National Health Service – Система национального здравоохранения free medical care – бесплат-ная медицинская помощь free - бесплатный

general practitioner – те-рапевт primary – первичный receive salaries – получать зарплату fees and allowances – опла-та и пособия

The National Health Service (NHS) of the UK was established in 1948 to provide free medical care and services to its citizens. The idea was to look after people. Sick people do not have to pay to see the doctor, or to stay in hospital. They only pay the part of the cost of their medicines.

In England, the NHS is currently administrated by eight regional offices. Scotland and Northern Ireland have a comparable but separate system. There are two sorts of doctors in the UK – hospital doctors and general practitioners (GP), also known as family doctors. All hospital doctors are employees of a health authority or a hospital trust. They are paid by the Government, depending on the number of patients they have served every month.

Family doctors provide primary medical care in the UK. They do not receive salaries but are paid according to the system of fees and allowances. They may work outside the NHS and may provide private services receiving the pay directly from the patients.Most medical treatment in the UK is free but charges are made for drugs, spectacles and dental care.