Упражнения
I. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. What is a physical or clinical examination?
2. What a systematic examination generally start at?
3. What may follow after the main organ systems have been investigated ?
4. When can the healthcare provider formulate a differential diagnosis?
5. What generally confirms the cause?
II. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания с русского на английский язык.
Медицинское обследование, признаки заболевания, определять правильный диагноз, план лечения, части тела, медицинская запись, конечности, проверка, пальпация, перкуссия, аускультация, неврологические исследования, ортопедический осмотр, подозревать, результаты (ключи), врач, установит причину.
III. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Физический осмотр – это процесс, благодаря которому врач исследует тело пациента для определения заболевания по его признакам.
2. Вместе с истории болезни, физическое обследование помогает в определении правильного диагноза и разработки плана лечения.
3. С помощью результатов, полученных в ходе обследования, врач может поставить правильный диагноз.
IV. Перечислите основные действия врача для установления диагноза пациента.
Текст B. Общие обследования пациента (Physical examination of a patient)
A full
physical examination is a general examination of the body performed
by the doctor or general
practitioner (GP). The examination will cover most of
the basic
systems of the body, including the heart system, lung system, gut
system and nerve system examination. Additional examination can be
added depending on the clinical scenarios. The purposes of a full
physical examination is to confirm any present issues after the
clinical history; and to find possible pathologies that are present
but yet to be known about.
The physical examination usually starts with the vital signs, and
that include the heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and
temperature. 
Generally, there are 4 parts of physical examination:
Inspection: looking for signs
Palpation: feeling for signs
Percussion: tapping for signs, used when doing a lung and/or gut examination.
Auscultation: listening using the stethoscope, or in olden times, purely listening with direct ear.
Not all of these will be present in the systems examination but most will do.
V. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. Who performs a full physical examination of a patient?
2. What will the examination cover?
3. Can additional examination be added?
4. What does the physical examination usually start with?
VI. Name 4 parts of physical examination.
VII. Переведите текст с помощью словаря и назовите основные пункты гинекологического анамнеза.
Gynecologic History A gynecologic evaluation starts with a series of questions related to menstruation and reproductive function. These questions usually focus on the reason for the visit to the doctor's office. The answers form the gynecologic history. A complete gynecologic history includes the following information:
The age at which menstrual bleeding began (menarche)
Frequency, regularity, and duration of menstrual periods
Amount of menstrual bleeding
Dates of the last two menstrual periods
Number of pregnancies, dates that they occurred, outcomes, and complications
Questions about abnormal bleeding - between menstrual periods - are included. A doctor usually asks about sexual activities to assess the risk of gynecologic infections, injuries, and pregnancy and to determine whether a woman has any sexual problems. A woman is asked whether she uses or wants to use birth control and whether she is interested in counseling or other information.
УРОК 36. СЕСТРИНСКИЕ МАНИПУЛЯЦИИ (MANIPULATION TECHNOLOGY)
Текстовый глоссарий:
to establish- установить tactful- тактичный sanitary processing- санитарно-гигиеничес-кая обработка anthropometry-измерения человека hygienic-гигиенический mustard plaster- горчич-ник heater- грелка, кип-ятильник |
thorax- грудная клетка circumference- перифе-рия spirometry- острие, спи-раль increasing- возраста-ющий, увеличивающиеся duodenal intubations-дуоденальная интубация weighing- взвешивание conductin- выводить, отво-дить |
The main task of the nurse – to help to the sick man, to fulfill all the doctor’s prescriptions: procedures, injections, etc. to establish the good contact with the patient the nurse must be polite, tactful, good qualified. When the patient comes to the hospital the nurse makes:
Sanitary processing of the patient;
Anthropometry;
Fulfillment of doctor’s prescriptions: hygienic service, mustard plaster, heater, cluster, injections, checking BP, giving medicines etc.
The nurse must do different operations helping the patient. The soonest recovering of the patient depends on her qualification and experience.
The doctor prescribes medicines and procedures and the nurse must know how to do them: she must know the types of diets during the treatment of different illness, e.g. - the diet №5 the doctor prescribes at the disease of liver; the diet №13 – for increasing of defense forces of organism; the diet №15 for the nourishing of all patients in the hospital, it is a common diet.
The medical manipulation includes following actions of the nurse: anthropometry, weighing, conducting gas away, duodenal intubations, taking arterial pressure, spirometry, measuring of circumference of the thorax, stomach wash out, injections, hygienical help etc.
There are main rules of collecting information about patient during conversation with him:
The conversation with the patient should begin with thankfulness for agreement to answer some questions;
The conversation must be calm and polite;
The patient should be named after the name and surname and on “You”;
It is necessary to use the given information for treatment of a patient;
The conversation must begin with the question: “What is the matter with you?”;
The question must be easy and clear;
It is necessary during the conversation to notice some facts;
The nurse must speak slowly, clear and politely;
Not to interrupt the patient during the conversation;
The personal and delicate questions should be asked at the end of the conversation. Don’t forget to thank the patient for the conversation.