Unit III pipelines and networks

Section I. Reading material

1. Read the following international words and guess their meaning.

Mind the stress.

apartment

mechanical

electrical

communication

elevator

comfortable

central

radiator

ventilation

telephone

television

vertically

machine

system

design

operation

generator

automatically

control

lift

form

vertical

transport

structure

residential

kilogram

commercial

2. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1. ancillary space a) электропроводка

2. heating and cooling systems b) аварийный генератор

3. plumbing systems c) средство эвакуации

4. hot-water heating d) открытые шахты

5. radiant heating e) грузовой лифт

6. central fan f) кабельное телевидение

7. air conditioning machinery g) отключение электричества

8. closed circuit television h) центральный вентилятор

9. electrical wiring i) служебное помещение

10. open shafts j) водяное отопление

11. power failure k) оборудование для

кондиционирования воздуха

12. emergency power generator l) системы обогревания и

отопления

13. freight lift m) лучистое отопление

14. egress n) водопроводные системы

3. Read the text carefully and translate it into Russian. Text a. Mechanical and Electrical Systems

A modern building not only contains the space for which it is intended (office, classroom, apartment) but also contains ancillary space for mechanical and electrical systems, such as heating and cooling systems, communications and power systems, lighting systems, elevators, plumbing systems (or water supply and waste disposal systems). They help to provide a comfortable environment.

Most houses have central heating systems. One heating unit, supplies heat for the entire house. Such houses are heated by warm air, steam, or hot water. In hot-air heating, a fan connected to the furnace blows warm air through ducts, or pipes, into the rooms. In steam or hot-water heatings the steam or hot water passes through radiators that stand throughout the house. In radiant heating, hot-water pipes run under the floors or in the ceilings or walls.

Because of the increased use of sealed buildings with windows that cannot be opened, elaborate mechanical systems are provided for ventilation and air conditioning. Ventilation supplies fresh air to indoor places and removes stale air from these places. The air must not be too warm or too cool, and it must have the right amount of moisture. Ducts and pipes carry fresh air from central fan rooms and air conditioning machinery.

The widespread use of power, telephone, and of closed circuit television, intercommunication, and security and alarm systems has increased the amount of wiring that must be installed in buildings. Electrical wiring is the system of wires and cables that distributes electricity throughout a building. Main cables run vertically in open shafts, with branches at each floor. One of the most important tasks of such wiring is to supply electricity for lighting. It may also have to supply electricity to operate air conditioners, electric stoves, heaters, washing machines and many other appliances. A wiring system should be designed to meet all the expected demands for electric power at the least cost.

The electrical power required in buildings has increased with the number and complexity of environmental systems in operation. To offset the inconvenience of power failures, emergency power generators are installed in an increasing number of buildings.

High-speed, automatically controlled, cable-operated lifts, are the major forms of vertical transport in high-rise structures. Passenger lifts and freight lifts operate in many places and serve a variety of purposes. The passenger lifts commonly seen in office and residential buildings can carry from 900 to 1,800 kilograms. Some freight lifts can carry as much as 45,000 kilograms. Most lifts operate automatically. Only a few are run by attendants who ride in the cars.

Low-rise buildings and the lower floors of commercial buildings may also have escalators. For fire protection, it is necessary to provide at least two means of egress from every major space in a building. Therefore, in addition to lifts and escalators, all buildings, even the tallest, should have two enclosed and protected stairways for their entire height.

Buildings must have a piped-in water supply for a variety of purposes: drinking, washing, cooking, waste disposal, internal fire fighting (either through standpipes and hoses or through automatic sprinklers), and service to air-conditioning systems or boilers.

Notes :

fan – вентилятор; дуть, подавать воздух

sealed - герметический

shaft - шахтный ствол, шахта (напр. лифта)

cable - operated - управляемый тросом

hose - гибкий трубопровод; шланг; рукав

disposal - удаление