Vocabulary

soccer — футбол (по правилам Національної ассоціації фут­болістів Великобританії )

the Olympics — Олімпійські ігри

aim — намір ,ціль

to kick —вдаряти ногою , пнути, вводити м’яч у гру ударом з центру,починати

to head — вдаряти головою

opponent’s team — команда опонентів, протилежна команда, суперники

goalkeeper — воротар

opponent’s net — ворота протилежної команди

rectangular — прямокутний

to defend — захищати

to prevent —запобігати , попередити ;заважати , не допустити ; оберігати (from — от)

point — очко, гол

to score — підраховувати очки, вести рахунок (в грі); зд. забивати гол, повести в рахунку

officials —суддівський склад , судді

to involve —втягнути ,залучати ;бути залученим

referee — рефері, суддя

linesmen — судді на лінії

antiquity —старовина ; старина; класична старовина , ан­тичність

similar — подібний (to);схожий, східний

to trace — простежувати(ся); брати початок

ancient — древній;старовинний , старий

to advance —просуватися вперед ;наступати

nowadays — в наші дні ; тепер; в наш час

global scale — світовий маштаб

middle — середина

to hand — давати, передавати , вручати

to branch — розділитися,розгалужуватися,розширюватися,відходити

to spread (spread, spread) — розгортати (ся); розкидатися ,простирати (ся);

розстелити (ся); розносити (ся), поширювати (ся)

to implement — здійснювати, виконувати

to set up (set, set) —засновувати ;засновувати ,відкривати ; підготувати ,планувати

World Cup Championship — чемпіонат світу по футболу

FIFA Cup — Кубок УЕФА

League of Champions — Ліга чемпіонів

to gain – набувати, отримувати

attempt —спроба

to encourage —підбадьорювати ;заохочувати , підтримати

fair play —чесна гра

Практичне заняття №19

Lesson 19

Read and translate the text

The history of hockey

I went to a fight the other night,

and a hockey game broke out.

Rodney Dangerfield

(1921—2004)

Ice hockey, known simply as «hockey» in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is known as the fastest team sport in the world, with players on skates capable of going high speeds along with shots of the play object going sometimes over 100 mph (160 km/h).

There are many conflicting theories on when and where the game of hockey or ice hockey started but for all accounts the game evolved out the Irish field game called Hurley and Indian lacrosse and was spread throughout Canada by British soldiers in the mid-1800s.

Hurley is played year round in Ireland on a field with a ball and a stick. The game of Hurley was played regularly in the fields of Nova Scotia back in the early 1800’s. But when winter came around Hurley it was difficult to play because of the rough ground caused by snow; so the game was eventually moved onto the ice. This new game called «Hurley on Ice» basically started at King’s College in Windsor, Nova Scotia just outside of Halifax and became very popular on the East coast of Canada for the first 50 years of the 1800»s. This kind of Hurley on Ice was also called Rickets and Shinny but was eventually called Hockey somewhere in the later part of the 1800’s. Research also turned up mention of a hockey-like game, played in the early 1800s in Nova Scotia by the Micmac Indi­ans, which appeared to have been heavily influenced by the Irish game of hurling.

The name hockey — as the organized game came to be known—has been attributed to the French word hoquet (shep­herd’s stick). The term rink, referring to the designated area of play, was originally used in the game of curling in 18th-century Scotland. Early hockey games allowed as many as 30 players a side on the ice, and the goals were two stones, each frozen into one end of the ice. The first use of a puck instead of a ball was recorded at Kingston Harbour, Ont., in 1860.

In the early 1870»s an engineer named James Creighton taught his friends at McGill University on how to play this new game of hockey he learned while living in Nova Scotia. The stage was set in Montreal in the middle of 1870s for the first organized hockey game that was played inside a rink. Eventually James Creighton wrote up new rules called the «Halifax Rules» which had 9 players on each team. Hockey became very popular in Montreal at that time and James Creighton who had a law degree decided to move on to Ottawa and eventually became the Law Clerk of the Senate. He then started Ottawa’s first organized hockey team called in the late 1880’s. Also around this same time the first organized amateur hockey league started in Kingston, Ontario and had 4 teams.

In 1892, Lord Stanley, Earl of Preston and Governor Gen­eral of Canada decided to donate a cup that could be chal­lenged by amateur hockey teams in Canada. The first Stan­ley Cup winner was the Montreal AAA (Amateur Athletic Association) in 1893. By the end of the 1800’s hockey was becoming the national sport of Canada because almost all regions of the country were playing this new sport. The equip­ment used in hockey was also evolving with skates that strapped to your boots in the first 50 years of the century to skates that were clamped or screwed into your boots in the later 50 years of that century. Other equipment used in the 1800’s was light shin pads, wool shirts and socks and solid wood sticks.

In the 1900s the number of players allowed on each team went from 9 to 7 (3 forwards, 2 defenseman, 1 rover and 1 goalie). It stayed this way until the NHL was formed and the rover position was dropped which meant 6 players aside.

From the turn of the century to 1917 many professional leagues like the International Pro Hockey League, Nation­al Hockey Association (NHA) and the Pacific Coast League (PCL) were formed. All these leagues eventually folded which lead to the creation of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1917.

Women’s hockey is one of the fastest growing women’s sports in the world, with the number of participants increas­ing 400 percent in the last 10 years. While there are not as many organized leagues for women as there are for men, there exist leagues of all levels, from the National Women’s Hock­ey League to Olympics teams.

EXERCISE 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is Ice hockey?

2. How many types of hockey do you know?

3. Is it a team sport?

4. What is the main feature of this game?

5. What hockey leagues do you know?

6. Who was the creator of the first Stanley Cup?

7. What team was the first Stanley Cup winner?

8. When did hockey become the national sport of Canada?

9. What differences in the equipment used in hockey 50 years ago and today do you know?

10. How many players were involved in the game in the 19^th century?

11. How many players were involved in the game in the 1900s?

12. How many players are involved in the game today?

13. What did James Creighton do for hockey?

14. What was the main reason that made Hurley move onto the ice?

15. What other names for Hurley do you know?

16. What is the NHL?

17. When was the NHL founded?

EXERCISE 2. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. Хоккей на льоду, відомий просто як «хоккей» в областях, де цей вид спорту найбільш популярний, ніж хоккей на траві, є командним видом спорту, в якийграють на льоду.

2. Хоккей відомий як найшвидший командний вид спорту у світі, з гравцями на ковзанах, здібними мчати на високих швидкостях, їх швидкість інколи перевищує 100 миль на час (160 км/ч), при цьому гравці ще й наносять удари.

3. Існує багато суперечливих теорій про те, коли і де з'явилась гра хокей чи хокей з шайбою, але в будь якому випадку ця гра походить від ірландської гри, яка називається Херлі, і індійської гри лакросс, яка була поширена по всій Канаді британськими солдатами в середині 1800-х.

4. У 1892 р. Лорд Стенлі, граф Престона і генерал-губернатор Канади, вирішив пожертвувати кубок, за який можна було б кинути виклик один одному аматорським хокейним командам в Канаді.

5. К кінцю 1800-х хокей стає національним спортом Канади, тому що майже всі регіони країни грали в цю нову гру.

6. Жіночий хокей є одним з найпоширеняіших видів спорту за участю жінок,який швидко розвивається .

7. Першим переможцем Кубка Стенлі стала Любительська спортивна асоціація з Монреаля в 1893 р.