Сослагательное наклонение

ФОРМЫ СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОГО НАКЛОНЕНИЯ

В отличие от изъявительное наклонения сослагательное наклонение выражает действие, рассматриваемое говорящим не как реальное, а как предполагаемое или желаемое. Сослагательное наклонение может быть выражено простыми формами сослагательного наклонения, формами глагола во временах Past Indefinite и Past Perfect изъявительного наклонения, а также с помощью глаголов should, would, may (might) в сочетании с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to и глаголом could + инфинитив в значении сослагательного наклонения (мог бы, можно было бы).

Форма сослагательного наклонения в настоящем времени совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы to и употребляется во всех лицах. Поскольку она не имеет эквивалента в русском языке, её не всегда можно перевести.

I, he, she, it

} be, go, take и т. д.

We, you, they

If this be so, no, further investigation is required.

Если это так (в чём я сомневаюсь, то никакого дальнейшего исследования не требуется.

Форма сослагательного наклонения в прошедшем времени образуется только от глагола to be для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.

I, he, she, it

} were

We, you, they

If I were in this place…

Если бы я был на вашем месте…

The document looks as if it were written by two persons.

Документ выглядит так, как будто он (был) написан двумя лицами.

Форма сослагательного наклонения от всех глаголов, кроме to be, совпадает по внешнему виду с формами Past Indefinite и Past Perfect:

I wish I went with you!

Хотел бы я пойти к вам!

It I had found that book yesterday…

Если бы я нашёл вчера эту книгу…

Форма сослагательного наклонения может быть выражена сочетанием глаголов should, would, might, could с инфинитивом смыслового глагола.

I would help you if I were not so busy myself.

Я бы помог вам, если бы не был сам так занят.

It would be a mistake to think so.

Было бы ошибкой думать так.

See to it that the glass may not be broken.

Присмотрите за тем, чтобы стекло не сломалось.

This rule might be applied here.

Это правило можно было бы применить здесь.

This could be proved only by facts.

Это можно было бы доказать только фактами.

Упражнение №5

Переведите:

1. It is a pleasant task to thank the many grammarians and friends without those help my book would have been even less perfect than it is.

2. The record of events can be established, be it one day or one century later.

3. It is not surprising, therefore, that we should find a sharp contrast in style and outlook between Maugham’s early and late works.

4. I wish it were possible to invent a method of embalming persons in such manner, that they may be recalled to life at any period.

5. The reader in invited to see the novelist’s picture of life as thought it were actually happening in the real world.

6. Two embassies from feudal lords were sent to Rome, and for a time it seemed as though Japan were about to become a Christian country.

7. You can recognize a hand-axe by its form alone, weather it be made in flint, quartzite, basault or shale.

8. Why should poets have invented a shape called the sonnet? Why should the ear have to be tickled with an elaborate system of rhymes?

9. The chief promptly ordered that a gift of food should be made to every crusading soldier.

10. The further progress demands that this idealistic theories should be shown up, refuted, discredited.

11. Etiquette (among the natives) demanded that the guests should take their places on stones round the oven.

12. The intervention might have had some chance of success had it been aimed at some isolated groups unsupported by the nation.

13. The author here would in all probability have been more successful if he had put his stories into the form of the novel.

14. If we were to tie ourselves down to only those words that the Anglo-Saxons used, our vocabulary would be poor indeed.

15. The scientists who know better than anyone else what biological weapons will do should they be used in war must resolutely demand their prohibition.

16. The Censor would never have allowed the play to be produced had it not been for the revolution of 1830.

17. If it were not for this particular complexity, I should not have considered it necessary to preface a history of art with a philosophy of art.

18. Had Livius tried to deny Nero his share in the triumph, Nero’s supporters would have tilted the balance against Livius.

19. But these two elements alone could never have produced the Coptic style had not the realist Syrian element also exercised its influence.

20. Sometimes the girl would eccept her suitor only on condition that they live with her parents.