4. Complete these sentences with the verbs in (brackets) in the present perfect or past simple.

1.a. Have you ever to India? (be)

b. Yes, I there in 2006. (go)

2. a. Have you any Brazilian films?

b. Yes, I’ve City of God. (see)

3. a. Have you ever anything creative?

b. Well, I ome short stories a few years ago. (write)

4. a. Have you any computer courses?

b. Yes, I one on web design when I was a student. (do)

5. a. What languages have you ?

b. Well, I English and German at school. (study)

6. a. Have you ever a politician?

b. Yes, I my local politician last week. (meet)

SPEAKING 5. Ask and answer the questions in 3-4. Ask questions to find out more.

PRESEN PERFET 2 – WITH FOR AND SINCE

I’ve worked here for

GRAMMAR 1. Look at the sentences

1. Marco has worked here since 2008.

2. Lauren 101 has been with the sales team at CSP for three months.

When did Marco and Lauren start working at CSP?

Do they work there now?

You can also use the present perfect to talk about situations which began in the past and continue in the present. I’ve lived here for ten years. I haven’t eaten since breakfast. You can use to say when something started (Monday) You can use with a period of time (a week, three months)

2. Complete the sentences using the verbs in the box in the present perfect and for or since.

be be . have know like live play work

1. They the same car ten years.

2. I my boyfriend the 1990s.

3. He a teacher more than 30 years.

4. She for this company a month.

5. We in this flat last April.

6. I science I studied it at primary school.

7. She the guitar she was 12.

8. He with the same company nearly 12 years.

3. Add for or since to these sentences.

1. My parents have lived in the same house they got married.

2. My mum’s had the same hairstyle about fifteen years.

3. I’ve had the same computer five years.

4. There hasn’t been any snow in my country 2008.

5. I’ve known my best friend school.

S PEAKING 4.Make the sentences true for you. Then compare with a partner.

Need to, have to, must, be

Requirements: need to, have to, must, be + essential, critical

Note how we describe requirements for particular jobs:

1. You need to be able to empathize with the person at the other end of the phone.

2. IT managers have to take responsibility for budgets.

3. You must be interested in your subject.

4. You must have worked for at least two years in systems analysis.

5. Experience with mainframes is essential/critical.

We can describe things which are not requirements like this:

You don't need to have a degree in computing science.

We can also treat need as a modal verb and use the negative form needn't:

You needn't have a degree in computing science.

Have to is an ordinary verb. Its negative form is made in the usual way:

You don't have to be an expert in everything.

Mustn't has a quite different meaning. It means it is important not to do something. It is used for warnings, rules and strong advice. For example:

You mustn't make unauthorized copies of software.