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- •Preface
- •Content
- •Theme 3 Traditional and alternative medicine
- •Unit 2 Law and Human rights Theme 1 Constitutional and legal status Kazakhstani and esc citizens
- •Unit 1: health and a healthy lifestyle Communication area: socio-cultural
- •1. Look at the sets of pictures and answer the following questions based on the photographs.
- •2. Read the descriptions below of a normal day in the lives of two children.
- •Grammar
- •Use the key below to rate the different aspects of the two lifestyles, then suggest possible improvements.
- •Record a day in your own life and complete the table above to rate your own lifestyle.
- •1. Write the questions for these answers:
- •2. Write short questions ending in a preposition in response to these statements.
- •3. Write the questions for these answers based on the information above.
- •4. Write reply questions for these in response to these statements.
- •Listening
- •Think of five important steps to maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
- •2. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions choose a, b or c as the correct answer for the following questions.
- •3. Find information on the following topics and discuss your findings with a partner:
- •4. What do you think of the health care that's available in our society?
- •Watch and fill in the missing words. Compare your answers with a partner, and then listen once more. Direct-Fee System
- •6. Choose an answer from a,b,c, d, e.
- •Answer the following questions
- •Reading 1
- •1. Discussion. In pairs or groups, discuss the following questions:
- •The national health service (nhs)
- •Nhs workforce and electronic initiatives
- •Reading 2
- •Reading activities
- •Public Health System in Kazakhstan
- •Post-reading activities
- •Speaking
- •1. As you read the text look for the answers to the questions and discuss:
- •Are you a health nut?
- •2. Discuss or debate the questions below. Remember to support your answers!
- •Writing
- •Introduction and tips
- •Writing an essay
- •Young people generally don’t pay enough attention to their health and fitness.
- •Modern lifestyles can seriously endanger our health.
- •Discuss the questions below in pairs:
- •Vocabualary
- •The pictures below show some common health problems. Choose the correct option in the box to label them:
- •Grammar
- •1. Fill in each blank space with the correct auxiliary verb:
- •Listening
- •2. You are going to watch an Asian tv commercial about Dengue fever. In pairs, discuss the questions:
- •2. Write true (t) or false (f) for the sentences below:
- •Speaking
- •Listen and answer to the doctor’s questions and insert information about the medical advice in the chart.
- •Discuss or debate the questions below. Remember to support your answers!
- •Discuss possible answers with a partner. Remember to support your ideas.
- •The posters below are part of a university campaign that aims at informing people about h1n1 flu symptoms and prevention. Read them and answer the questions:
- •3. Below you can find useful information taken from the British Red Cross website about accidents in roads. Put the sentences in the correct order:
- •4. Read the article about Diabetes from the health section of the online New York Times newspaper:
- •5. Watch the video and complete the eight steps on how to prevent food poisoning:
- •Vocabualary
- •Grammar Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Put Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous
- •Listening
- •Listen the text about “Alternative medicine”.
- •Have you completed the reading passage? Now answer these questions about Alternative Medicine:
- •Reading 1
- •Answer the following questions
- •2. Read the text about acupuncture
- •Acupuncture
- •What is acupuncture?
- •What can acupuncture be used to treat?
- •Who uses acupuncture?
- •What are the risks?
- •3. Find the following words in the text, explain in what context they were used and translate them into Kazakh/Russian, make up sentences using them.
- •4. Choose the correct answers to the questions
- •5. Summarize the article using the words from the glossary
- •6. You are going to listen about “Alternative medicine”. What do you think alternative medicine?
- •Explain the meaning of the following words.
- •Speaking
- •Visiting the Doctor
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Organizing a debate on the motion “The pros and cons of Alternative medicine”
- •Writing How to Write an Argument Essay
- •1. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.
- •2. Choose one of the topics from the following list and write an essay.
- •Health and sport
- •Vocabualary
- •5. Match the definitions with the words above:
- •6. Have you tried any of the sports above? Which did you like/dislike and why?
- •7. Find words in the text with the following meaning:
- •8. Find words in the text to complete the sentences. You may need to change the form of the verbs.
- •Listening
- •1. Explain the differences between these words and translate them into Kazakh/Russian:
- •2. The title of this article is ‘Getting fit without exercise’. Looking at just the title, do you think these statements will be true or false?
- •3. Now listen to the article and check your responses.
- •4. Match the terms 1-6 with the synonyms / definitions a-f. Look at the article to see how the terms are used.
- •Reading 1
- •1. Compare and contrast the pictures below.
- •2. Answer the following questions
- •3.Read the text about “Sport” paying attention to the benefits of sport.
- •2. Make up a new sport that would be fun to watch and play.
- •Unit 2 law and human rights Constitutional and legal status of Kazakhstani and esc citizens
- •Vocabulary
- •Read three short extracts and give Russian/Kazakh equivalents to the words in bold.
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •1. Invent a new Olympic sport.
- •The legal system in the uk
- •Complete the definitions. Look at text a to help you.
- •Complete the sentences. Look at texts b and c to help you. There is more than one possibility for one of the answers.
- •Complete the table with words from texts a, b, c and their related forms.
- •Make up 7 sentences with some of these forms.
- •Grammartask
- •Complete the next text with prepositions, use dictionary if necessary.
- •Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •Choose the best preposition to use in each of the sentences:
- •Listening
- •Listen to the track once. Take notes. Discuss the main ideas in pairs after.
- •Listen to the track for the second time and answer the multiple choice questions. Learn these new words and word expressions.
- •Reading 2
- •Read the titles of the articles below; predict (probabilistic forecasting in interpretation) what they may be about.
- •Read the texts and check your predictions.
- •What did you know about judicial power in Kazakhstan before reading the text?
- •What have you learned about judicial power in Kazakhstan after reading the text?
- •Read the text and answer the next questions:
- •Underline all the words and word collocations connected with the topic “Crime”, write them into your notebooks and give definitions, translate them into Kazakh/Russian.
- •Reading Read the following passage that you just heard and be prepared to answer the questions that follow.
- •Read the following questions and circle the best answer.
- •Write off five new words or expressions from the text and make up sentences with them.
- •Interpretation task
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •Crime and punishment
- •Look at the photos. Identify the crime, which they represent. What could be the punishment for it?What should you do to protect yourself from such crimes?
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Fill out the translation column. Types of crime
- •Types of punishment
- •5. Match the legal terms on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •Grammar
- •What do you know about narrative tenses? Which 4 tenses are called so?
- •Complete the text with the necessary verb form (present or past, active or passive)
- •Complete the pairs of sentences. Use the Present Perfect in one sentence and the Past Simple in the other.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or in the Present Perfect.
- •Answer the questions using Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Put the words in order and make sentences.
- •Read the text and find sentences with Past tenses (simple, continuous, perfect) and translate them in a written form. Capital punishment: history
- •Listening
- •Read the text. Predict which words are omitted.
- •Listen to an audio and fill in the gaps.
- •Reading
- •The Criminal Law Criminal Law in Canada
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •Prevention of youth crime
- •Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.
- •Look at the list of youth crimes and rate each, which is the most serious one?
- •Vocabulary Youth vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Listening and speaking
- •Listen to an audio on Dr Christine Goodall, Director of the charity Medics Against Violence, talking about violence as a cause of crime in Scotland.
- •Reflective questions
- •In pairs or groups, discuss the following questions.
- •Read the text and answer the questions underneath. Youth crime
- •Read the text and answer true/false questions under it. Juvenile Crime
- •Speaking
- •1. Choose a moderator (for asking questions and giving the floor to the speakers)
- •2. Choose speakers (for sharing their thoughts on the topic in front of the class)
- •3. Choose consecutive interpreters (to interpret the speakers into Kazakh/Russian)
- •Writing
- •Конецформы
- •Unit 3: nature and humankind
- •Vocabualary
- •Read the words and match them with their definitions
- •Grammar
- •Order of adjectives
- •1. Put in right order the adjectives and translate into Kazakh/Russian
- •Make up sentences by using following adjectives and nouns in the box:
- •Listening
- •1. Translate following words and word combinations
- •Reading 1
- •List all the words and word combinations that comes to your mind about title of the text below
- •Read the text and translate unknown words. Entering a New World: Environment and Civilization
- •Make up about 5-10 questions according to the text and discuss the questions in pairs.
- •Reading 2
- •Make up sentences using the words in the box.
- •Speaking
- •Discuss in small groups following questions
- •Organizing a debate
- •Writing
- •Write a report about 180-250 words on the theme “ The human factor in environmental pollution”
- •Introduction and tips (Writing reports)
- •Introductory Information:
- •Introductory Paragraph
- •Environmental protection
- •Read the following quotes and rephrase the main idea of each quotation.
- •Grammar
- •1. Read the text and underline narrative tenses Dolphins saving a surfer from a great white shark
- •Write an article of animals saving humans by using narrative tenses
- •Listening
- •3. Listen again and make a list of about 5-10 questions
- •Reading 1
- •You are going to read an article about recycling. Before you read discuss the following questions
- •Following words appear in the text match each one with its correct definition on the right.
- •Importance of recycling
- •Importance to people
- •The Symbol for Recycling / What does it mean?
- •T ry to guess the 1, 2, 3 steps in recycling process.Put following recycling steps in the right order.
- •Speaking
- •Role play
- •Writing
- •Write an essay about 180-250 words on theme “Environmental problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan and esc: the ways of solving them”.
- •Flora and fauna 3
- •1. Look at the photos. What classes of vertebrates do they show?
- •2. Can you add any more words?
- •Grammar
- •1.Find out adverbs from the text and underline them
- •2. Translate the text into Kazakh/Russian. Kazakhstan flora and fauna facts
- •Reading 1
- •1. Answer the questions. Work in groups of 4 or as a class.
- •2. Before reading the text read the following words and practice their pronunciation.
- •1. Read the text and make a list of the advantages of the Fauna & Flora International (ffi) and discuss the advantages in group. Fauna & Flora International
- •Make a summary of the text.
- •Reading 2
- •Read the following text and entitle it.
- •1. Find a definition of highlighted words in the text.
- •2. Make a summary of the text.
- •Speaking
- •Role play
- •Writing
- •Individual contribution of each citizen to protect the environment
- •Listening
- •1. Make a list of questions and discuss in pairs
- •Reading 1
- •Read the text and translate unknown words
- •1. Give your own definition to the highlighted words in the text.
- •2. Make a list of 5-10 questions according to the text then discuss in pairs.
- •Speaking
- •Discuss in pairs following questions
- •Writing
- •1) Introduction
- •2) Body Paragraphs
- •3) Conclusion
- •Unit 4 culture and the arts in human life
- •Discuss these questions with another student.
- •How would you define the word “art”? Offer your definition, use internet to check your ideas.
- •Vocabulary
- •What is art?
- •Philosophies of art
- •Where do you see art?
- •Would you buy it?
- •People and art
- •What makes art special?
- •One or two idioms
- •Grammar
- •2. Play a game “If you had the chance”.
- •Listening
- •Do you agree with the statement “the emergence of photography could eliminate painting” Why? Why not?
- •Complete the table about your associations with painting and photography
- •Now watch or listen the program “Art review” part 1 and identify if sentences are correct or incorrect. (art review 2 part 1)
- •What do you think of art development in Kazakhstan? What are the recent tendencies? Who is your favorite national artist?
- •Reading 1
- •What is traditional art and contemporary art? Name painters who represent both types.
- •Read a short entry about contemporary art, check your ideas.
- •What do you think of contemporary art now? Have you changed your opinion after reading the texts?
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •Individual task
- •World of music
- •What do you associate with the word “music?” Spend one minute to write your associations. Compare with your group mates.
- •D places ivide the words in 3 groups according to your associations. Use these words to describe the pictures.
- •Would you go to see any of these (pictures above) musicians or singers perform? What was “their time”? Who of them you like (dislike) the most?
- •Match the words on the left to its definitions on the right
- •Grammar
- •Put the right past models in the sentence. Must have - Might have - Should have - Can't have
- •Listening 1
- •Imagine
- •Listening 2
- •Speaking
- •Have you ever heard of the song contest “Eurovision”? What do you think of it? Does it really promote young singers?
- •Have you seen the performance of the oldest contestants of this show? Watch a short extract about them and fill in the gaps with the appropriate word.
- •What do you think of their performance? Talk about the contestants from the pictures?
- •4. Can you name any more contestants and what they were famous for?
- •Reading 1
- •Look at the picture. What do you know about this singer? Do you like her songs?
- •Zhanar Dungalova Is the New Golden Voice of the Turkic World
- •Make a compression of each paragraph. Write short abstracts into your notebook.
- •Use the abstract to retell the text to your partner.
- •Britney the pop princess
- •Match the words from the article on the left with their synonyms on the right. Are your answers the same as other students’?
- •Match the following phrases from the article:
- •Writing
- •Look at the pictures. What do they show?
- •D people ivide the words in 3 groups according to your associations. Use these words to describe the pictures.
- •Label the picture
- •Grammar
- •Irregular plurals
- •Listening
- •Do you like opera? When was the last time you saw one? Did you enjoy it?
- •What do you think was the message of this opera? Do you believe it could help to remember about the victims of the terrorist act in September, 2001.
- •Reading
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •Unit 5: mass media and means of communication Communication area: socio-cultural
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Check your answers using worksheet no. 2
- •3. English in the press British or American? Find out whether these extracts deal with a British or an American issue.
- •4. Underline the words that gave you the answer.
- •5. B. Complete this extract from a television interview with an appropriate word or expression from the box.
- •6. Match the words and expressions in box a with a suitable definition in box b.
- •7. C. Now read this essay and complete the gaps with one of the words or expressions from Tasks a and b. You may need to change the form of some of the words.
- •Grammar
- •Listening
- •Reading 1
- •3. Present each type of media highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of media.
- •Speaking
- •There are different ways of getting informed. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these media.
- •Now divide into groups and find benefits and dangers of television.
- •Read the passage about future of television and complete the text with the words from the box.
- •Your task is to match the words and their definitions.
- •Monologue
- •How do you interpret “freedom of speech”?
- •Introduction and tips (Writing articles)
- •Today's television
- •What means of communication can you think of?How do they affect our lives?
- •Grammar
- •Write the correct verb in the correct form into the box.
- •Match the reporting verbs below with their definitions.
- •Read the following examples (1 – 12) and write in the most suitable verb from above. You
- •Listening
- •Do the vocabulary activity below before you listen. Then listen to the article and do the task to check your comprehension.
- •2. Match the words and phrases in the table to their definitions.
- •3. Listen to the Article: “Mobile phones” by Craig Duncan do Comprehension task
- •4. Read the questions and choose the right answer.
- •Reading
- •A Make a list of the five most essential (completely necessary) possessions in your lives.
- •After- reading tasks
- •Speaking
- •Complete the following sentences with the correct form of used and the verb in brackets.
- •Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to/to be-to get used to, with the verb in brackets.
- •Speaking
- •1. Discuss the following questions with a partner about the news and your listening habits. You have 5 minutes to speak with another student.
- •2.Listen to the following radio clip and answer these questions by yourself. Compare your answers once you have listened.
- •3. Look at the following pictures and discuss with a partner the news items in the radio clip. Can you put the pictures in order that they were mentioned?
- •Look at the following words in the box below in a dictionary and write out possible definitions. Work with a partner.
- •Listen to the radio clip again and complete the following passages using the vocabulary from the text box above. Check with a partner your answers.
- •Functions of Mass Media
- •Which function of mass media (information, interpretation, instructive, bonding, or diversion) do you think is most important for you and why? Which is most important for society and why?
- •Getting integrated: Discuss media messages that have influenced or would influence you in a professional, academic, personal, and civic context.
- •Vocabulary
- •Listening
- •Speaking
- •Discuss: Talk about the following questions in pairs/groups. Remember to support your answers!
- •Writing
- •Unit 6: my university students life in kazakhstan and abroad 1
- •Vocabualary
- •Grammar
- •Fill in with articles a or the
- •Write a short story about your student life by using articles and following phrases and collocations:
- •Listening
- •1. Watch the video clip on the topic of university majors and answer the questions based on what you hear.
- •Reading 1
- •Talk about your life as a student.
- •Celebrities Jessica Ennis heptathlete and Katie Derham broadcaster reveal all about their student days. Read and compare their student life. Talk about differences and similarities.
- •Speaking
- •Find a partner and create your own Utopian country. Then come up to the board and introduce it to everyone.
- •Writing
- •Read the following sample letter
- •The use of electronic textbooks and the internet in learning activities
- •Vocabualary
- •2. Find the words.
- •Grammar Uncountable and plural nouns
- •1. Read the following text and find out countable and uncountable nouns. Translate the text into Kazakh/Russian. Education system of Kazakhstan
- •Listening
- •Read the following words and then discuss how these words can be connected with the theme “The Internet”:
- •1. Listen and fill in the gaps
- •1. Make a list of 5-10 questions and discuss it in pairs.
- •Reading 1
- •Read the blog entry‘Electronic books or paper books?’. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ebooks according to the writer?
- •1. Read the blog entry again and match the underlined parts of the text with these words and expressions:
- •2. Read the comments section. Which person…
- •3. Match the descriptions with the words in italics in ‘Blog comments’.
- •Speaking
- •Make up a situation using the following interview instructions:
- •Writing
- •Student’s leisure time
- •Vocabualary
- •Grammar Quantifiers: all, every, most
- •Rephrase the sentences of the text by using quantifiers. Leisure time
- •2. Write a short story about how you and your friends spend leisure time. Use quantifiers: all, every, every day, all day, both, either, neither etc.
- •Listening
- •2. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
- •Reading 1
- •Read the three texts about celebrities and their unusual hobbies and find out collocations related to the theme “hobby”.
- •Speaking
- •Writing
- •Write an article about 180-250 words on the theme “Student life: Problems and Solutions”.
- •Listening
- •Make a list of 5-10 questions and discuss in pairs.
- •Reading 1
- •Answer the following questions
- •Read the text about the history of the term “multimedia” and translate unknown words.
- •Make a list of questions according to the text and discuss the questions in pairs.
- •Speaking
- •2. Discuss in pairs following questions and then share your findings with the class.
- •Writing
- •Write an essay about 180-250 words on the theme “The advantages of e-learning compared to traditional learning”.
- •Indispensable qualities for translators: The background knowledge, skills, moral and ethical qualities
- •Compare and contrast these pictures.
- •What is the role of translator and interpreter in society nowadays?
- •Listening 1
- •Listen to “The basic rules we expect translators to follow”. Try to remember the rules.
- •Listening 2
- •1. Answer the following questions
- •Read and translate following words and word combinations
- •1. Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- •Reading 1
- •The qualities of a good translator
- •Answer the following questions based on the text.
- •Speaking
- •Provide your own answers to the following questions:
- •Organizing a debate:
- •Look at the pictures and answer the following questions:
- •Grammar
- •Interviewing
- •Reread the sentences in exc.1. Write the subordinating conjunction used in each sentence, and then write its function.
- •Listening 1
- •Online training program for translators makes interview with a translation expert Paul Eduardo. Listen to the interview and answer the questions. Take notes while listening.
- •Listen to the interview for the second time and answer if the next statements are true or false according to what Paul Eduardo said.
- •Have you changed your expectations about being a translator after listening to this interview? Which ideas were the most surprising for you?
- •Listening 2
- •Online training program for translators makes interview with a translation expert Paul Eduardo. Listen to the interview and answer the questions. Take notes while listening.
- •Listen to the interview for the second time and answer if the next statements are true or false according to what Paul Eduardo said.
- •Have you changed your expectations about being a translator after listening to this interview? Which ideas were the most surprising for you?
- •Reading 1
- •Look through the text quickly and find out the next information:
- •Benefits of Being a Translator
- •Fill in the text with options a-f, one of the options is extra.
- •Read the text thoroughly and find adjectives which could match the definitions
- •Jobs in Translation
- •Speaking 1
- •Speaking 2
- •These questions are designed to get you thinking about the subject at hand: How to be a better translator. Choose the best answer.
- •What do think about translators’ profession? Express your attitude towards this question. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? You have to justify your answers.
- •Writing
- •Write an essay of 200 words to the next topic talking about your future profession. Keep the structure of an essay and don’t forget to use linking words. Illustrate your arguments with examples.
- •Read the following quotes about translation and translators then discuss as a class.
- •Listening
- •Reading 1
- •The Role of the Translator
- •Speaking Write an essay about 180-250 words on the given theme.
- •Discuss in small groups following question and then share your findings with the class.
- •Read the card below. Spend one minute to get prepared to make a speech of 1.5-2 minutes. Tell your speech to your teacher.
- •Writing
- •Write an essay on the theme “Translation Profession”. Write at least 200-250 words
- •Student self-evaluation chart
- •Unit 1: Health and a healthy lifestyle
- •Unit 2: Law and Human rights
- •Unit 3: Nature and humankind
- •Unit 4: Culture and the arts in human life
- •Zhanar Dungalova Is the New Golden Voice of the Turkic World:
- •Unit 5: Mass media and means of communication
- •Unit 6: My University
- •Unit 7: My Future Profession
Writing an essay
A healthy person is often described as someone who has a good diet, gets lots of exercise, and avoids stress. What do people do to stay healthy in your country? Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Young people generally don’t pay enough attention to their health and fitness.
Modern lifestyles can seriously endanger our health.
Write your essay in 200-250 words in an appropriate style.
Online Investigations
There are many companies that promote products promising amazing, and often, unbelievable health claims dealing with anything from weight loss to better memory power. For example, diet plans, weight loss aids, and nutritional supplements can provide health benefits, but you have to evaluate claims. So, how can we tell whether the claims are true or not? Search online for a product or service that claims to provide fantastic results, read over the information, and identify any parts of the ad that might be deceptive or misleading. Does the ad use an emotional appeal to get you to buy a product? Share your ideas with a partner.
2
Health and health problems
Discuss the questions below in pairs:
Can you list some health problems people commonly have?
Have you ever experienced any of them? Which ones?
What do you usually do when you have a health problem?
How often do you seek for medical health?
Have you ever searched for medical advice in websites? If so, was the information useful?
Vocabualary
The pictures below show some common health problems. Choose the correct option in the box to label them:
sore throat – back pain – sprain – cold – nose bleed - cough |
a)____________
b)_____________ c)_____________
d)____________ e)______________ f)______________
Grammar
Auxiliary Verbs are the verbs be, do, have, when they are followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive.
The verb "be"
The verb be can be used as an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb for compound tenses and the passive voice. Note that be is an irregular verb:
Simple Present:
I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are
Simple Past:
I/he/she/it was, we/you/they were
Past Participle:
been
You can tell that in the following sentences be is an auxiliary because it is followed by another verb (the full verb). (For progressive forms use the "-ing" form of the full verb; for passive voice, use the past participle of the full verb.)
Progressive Forms
Present Progressive:
He is playing football.
Past Progressive:
He was playing football.
Present Perfect Progressive:
He has been playing football.
Past Perfect Progressive:
He had been playing football.
Passive
Simple Present/Past:
The house is/was built.
Present/Past Perfect:
The house has/had been built.
Future I:
The house will be built.
"be" as a full verb
The verb be can also be a full verb. In this case, it's not followed by another verb. If be is used as a full verb, we do not need an auxiliary in negative sentences or questions.
positive sentence:
They are fifteen years old.
negative sentence:
They are not fifteen years old.
question:
Are they fifteen years old?
The verb "have"
The verb have, too, can be used both as an auxiliary and as a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb to form compound tenses in active and passive voice. (Use the past participle of the full verb.)
"have" in positive sentences
As a full verb have indicates possession. In British English, however, we usually use have got (have being the auxiliary, got the full verb).
full verb:
I have a car.
auxiliary verb:
I have got a car.
"have" in negative sentences and questions
When we use have as a full verb, we must use the auxiliary do in negative sentences and questions. If we use have got, however, we do not need another auxiliary.
have as a full verb:
I do not have a car.
Do I have a car?
have as an auxiliary verb:
I have not got a car.
Have I got a car?
The verb "do"
The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)
The auxiliary "do" in negative sentences
Simple Present:
He does not play football.
Simple Past:
He did not play football.
The auxiliary "do" in questions
Simple Present:
Does he play football?
Simple Past:
Did he play football?
The verb do is irregular:
Simple Present:
I/we/you/they do, he/she/it does
Simple Past:
I/he/she/it/we/you/they did
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