16. Read and translate

Анализ – electrochemical cell – процедура – mass spectrometry – титрование – metal ion – микроскоп – electromagnetic radiation – разделять – with the unaided eye – определять – equivalence point – измерять – artificial material – сопровождать – поглощение – separation process – взвешивать – emission spectrum – компонент – light absorption – хромотография – precipitation – калориметрия – длина волны – high resolution – электрон-вольт – surface geometry – прибор – scanning probe microscope – атомный силовой микроскоп – nanosized sharp tip – инфракрасный – roughness – рентгеновский – AFM – широкий диапазон – conductometry – независимая переменная – salt – состояние поляризации – acid – волновое число – base – удельная электропроводность.

Unit 6 nanomaterials and nanotechnology

1. Read and translate the international words

Nano, nanometer, billion, meter, synonym, aspect, material, process, mechanical, structure, effect, control, medicine, electronics, biomaterial, group, manipulation, decade.

2. Read and translate the verbs

To derive, to emphasize, to study, to involve, to develop, to range, to investigate, to create, to include, to concern, to manipulate, to construct.

3. Match the English word combinations in column A to their Russian equivalents in column B

A	B
one billionth of a meter generally at least conventional molecular self-assembly on the atomic scale approach molecular recognition by principles "top-down" approach atomic-level control "bottom-up" approach nanoelectronics nanomechanics nanophotonics 16. nanoionics	подход контроль на атомном уровне молекулярная самосборка наноэлектроника в основном наноионика по крайней мере механика наноразмерных частиц одна миллиардная метра на атомном уровне метод «сверху-вниз» традиционный метод «снизу-вверх» молекулярное распознавание по принципам нанофотоника

4. Read and translate Nanoengineering

Nanoengineering (nanotechnology) is the practice of engineering on the nanoscale. It derives its name from the nanometer, a unit of measurement equaling one billionth of a meter.

Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices possessing at least one dimension within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.

Two main approaches are used in nanotechnology. In the "bottom-up" approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the "top-down" approach, nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control.

Areas of physics such as nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, nanophotonics and nanoionics have evolved during the last few decades to provide a basic scientific foundation of nanotechnology.

Nanoparticles behave differently than other similarly sized particles. It is therefore necessary to develop specialized approaches to testing and monitoring their effects on human health and on the environment.

http://pharmatips.doyouknow.in/Articles/Chemistry/Introduction-To-Nanotechnology.aspx