4. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем. The bill of rights (2)

The Bill of Rights is an expansion of the Constitution, made up of 10 short paragraphs, which establish the basic rights of American, they can enjoy during their lives.

1^st amendment proclaims freedom of speech, religion, the press, people to set together and present their grievances to the government.

2^nd amendment protects people’s rights to bear arms. The level of personal violence is extremely high. In the 90s – annually 2 mln crimes and 24 thousand murders. In 70% of cases weapons were used. According to the statistics provided by FBI 250 mln fire guns are used and 5 mln new guns are purchased every year.

Republicans and democrats split up on this issue of gun control:

Republicans have traditionally supported the 2^nd amendment believing that it’s not necessary to make new laws about gun control.

Democrats consider new laws to be introduced to license the possession of guns by new owners. Tougher laws should be made to make the purchase of guns more difficult for children and criminals.

Actually, every state has its own gun concerned control.

3^rd amendment provides a ban to quarter soldiers in your homes in time of war.

4^th amendment says that any person is protected against being arrested or being searched without arrest warrant.

5^th amendment says that any person has the right to be judged in court by a grand jury, especially selected group of people to decide if there is enough evidence to hold a trial.

6^th amendment guarantees a speedy a public trial, so person doesn’t spend lots of time in prison. Impartial jury is guaranteed.

7^th amendment provides a jury trial in civil cases where the contested amount exceeds 20$.

8^th amendment says that all punishments should be fair.

9^th amendment reads that some people treated a list of rights in the Bill of Rights to mean that other rights were denied for them.

10^th amendment reads that idea of federalism is formed, adopted to reassure people that the National federal Government would not swallow up states. It guarantees States certain rights, assuring them that the federal Government was not going to overrule them.

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1. Выпишите в свой словарик с транскрипцией и переведите выделенные жирным шрифтом слова (в начальной форме: сущ. и прил. – в им.п., ед.ч; глаг. - инфинитив). Назовите, к какой части речи относится каждое слово.

2. Выпишите неправильные глаголы, встречающиеся в тексте. Назовите все формы.

3. Укажите время и залог подчёркнутых сказуемых.

4. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

LAW

Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal (often referred to as chattel) and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person's rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalised in a statute, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, "The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual."

Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinction can be made between civil law jurisdictions, which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion still informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis or sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice. "In its majestic equality", said the author Anatole France in 1894, "the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread." In a typical democracy, the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are the three main branches of government, namely an impartial judiciary, a democratic legislature, and an accountable executive. To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the public, a government's bureaucracy, the military and police are vital. While all these organs of the state are creatures created and bound by law, an independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform and support their progress.