Урок №5. Нервная система. Nervous system
Vocabulary:
Sensitivity – чувствительность Conductivity - электропроводность Responsiveness – восприимчивость Neuron - нейрон Central Nervous System (CNS) – центральная нервная система ЦНС Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – периферическая нервная система ПНС Brain – мозг spinal cord – спинной мозг the brain stem – мозговой ствол the cerebrum – головной мозг the cerebellum - мозжечок the diencephalon – промежуточный мозг glia - нейроглия grey matter – серой вещество white matter – белое вещество nerve fibers (axons) – нервное волокно |
Medulla oblongata – продолговатый мозг the pons – варолиев мост hemisphere – полушарие Frontal lobe – лобная доля Temporal lobe – височная доля Parietal lobe – теменная доля Occipital lobe – затылочная доля the thalamus – таламус, зрительный бугор hypothalamus – гипоталамус, подбугорная область Somatic nervous system – соматическая нервная система Autonomic nervous system – вегетативная нервная система solid cords - твердый узел Spinal nerves – спинномозговые нервы Cranial Nerves – черепной нерв
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Nervous system is the chief controlling and coordinating system of the body. It controls and regulates all voluntary and involuntary activities of human body. There are three characteristic properties of nervous system of human body; Sensitivity, Conductivity and Responsiveness. The structural and functional unit (элемент) of nervous system is called neuron.
Parts of nervous system:
Nervous system of human body is divided into two parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Central
nervous system includes brain
and spinal cord.
T
he
brain
The brain lies within the skull and is shaped like a mushroom. The brain consists of four principal parts:
the brain stem
the cerebrum
the cerebellum
the diencephalon
The brain weighs approximately 1.3 to 1.4 kg. It has nerve cells called the neurons and supporting cells called the glia.
T
here
are two types of matter in the
brain: grey matter and
white matter.
Grey matter
receives and stores impulses. Cell bodies of neurons and neuroglia
(нейроглия) are in the grey
matter. White matter
in the brain carries impulses to and from grey matter. It consists
of the nerve fibers
(axons).
The brain stem is also known as the Medulla oblongata. It is located between the pons and the spinal cord and is only about one inch long.
The cerebrum forms the bulk (основная масса) of the brain and is supported on the brain stem. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres. Each hemisphere controls the activities of the side of the body opposite that hemisphere. The hemispheres are further divided into four lobes: Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe.
The cerebellum is located behind and below the cerebrum.