- •The ancient near east
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text I the ancient near east
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Fertile Crescent
- •Words to remember
- •Unit II ancient egypt
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text II ancient egypt
- •Mumification
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Egyptian Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit III two great cities oe the indus valley
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text III two great cities of the indus valley
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •Vil translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Prehistoric china
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IV prehistoric china
- •I. Reading skills
- •II. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Chinese Writing
- •Words to remember
- •Unit V the aryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text V the aryan empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Санскрит
- •Upanishads
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VI classes and castes in ancient india
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VI classes and castes
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Theories of Caste
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VII the mauryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VII the mauryan empire
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •IV. Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VIII gupta empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VIII gupta empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •Compare the first and second native India's dynasties.
- •Trace the main ideas of the Guptas' religious policy.
- •Ask as many questions as you can to cover the rest of the text and ask your groupmates to answer them.
- •In a dialogue try to find some similarities in the development of Indian Empires.
- •VII. Writing skills
- •19. Topics for essay writing:
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Imaginary Beasts
- •Words to remember
- •Unit IX zhous come to power
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IX zhous come to power
- •IV. Reading skills
- •V. Vocabulary skills
- •VI. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Государство Джоу
- •Words to remember
- •Unit X the greek world
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text X the greek world
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •II. Reading skills
- •VII. Speaking skills
- •2) Ask your classmates to guess the word by your definition.
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •IX. Translation skills
- •Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XI the roman empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text XI the roman empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Древний Рим
- •The Roman Empire
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XII neighbours of hercules
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Seven Wonders of the World
- •Words to remember
- •Reader sumerians
- •Нittite empire
- •Assyrians
- •Babylonians
- •Peoples oe syria
- •Phoenitians and arameans
- •Anatolia
- •Persians
- •Persian Culture in Achaemenid Times
- •Earliest Egypt
- •Old Kingdom
- •Religion
- •Religions Reform of Akhenaten
- •Indus valley
- •China jade
- •China during q1n dynasty
- •The olympic games Origins and Preparations
- •Preparations and Sacrifices
- •Gladiators
- •One of the most famous buildings from ancient rome
- •Chariot-races
- •Europeans and ancient greece and rome
- •Vocabulary
VI. Writing skills
Ex. 18. Make up sentences using expressions from Ex. 3,5,13. Provide similar historical context.
Ex. 19. Topics for essay writing:
The stages in Rome's development.
The Romans and the Greeks (interconnection and interdependence).
The Roman Empire.
The Roman Republic.
Ex. 20. Look back through the text and find words and phrases to do with:
politics;
warfare;
arts.
VII. Translation skills
Ex. 21. Translate into English:
Древний Рим
История Древнего Рима богата событиями. Его нельзя оценить однозначно: он и велик, монументален, и страшен некоторыми чертами своего исторического бытия. Из века в век Рим расширял свою территорию путем завоевания чужих земель, покорения племен и народов, пока из маленького городка-полиса не превратился в огромную мировую державу от западных берегов Средиземного моря до Кавказа.
Вся его писанная и неписанная история, все легенды, религия должны были подкреплять примерами из прошлого идею военного могущества римлян.
Родоначальником государства официально был признан Эней, сын богини Венеры. Его божественное происхождение утверждало идею божественности самого Римского государства. От бога Марса и Сильвии рождаются братья Ромул и Рем. Брошенные в реку своим дядей, они чудом спасаются. Затем их находит и выкармливает волчица. Символом Рима, его государственным гербом стало изображение волчицы с двумя младенцами. Братья выросли и основали город Рим. По преданию, это произошло в 753 году до н.э., и до 509 года он управлялся царями. Первым царем города стал Ромул. В честь него и был назван город. Последним стал Тарквиний Гордый.
Затем римляне отказались от монархического правления и установили республику. Она просуществовала около пятисот лет, до 31 года до н. э. Республику сменила империя. С 31 г. до н. э. до 14 г. н. э. Римской империей правил Октавиан Август, и годы его правления римляне назвали золотым веком своей истории.
Римское государство в конце концов пало. Это произошло в 476 г. н. э., когда был низложен последний римский император Ромул Августул. Два человека, стоявшие у колыбели и смертного одра Рима, разделенные двенадцатью веками, носили одно и тоже имя — Ромул.
Ex. 21. Translate into Russian:
The Roman Empire
The Republic ended and the Roman Empire began with the rise of Caesar Augustus to power. It was a new era in European history. In 27 ВС he got the title of Augustus. For the next 41 years Augustus gave the Romans good government. To better the administration, he appointed men whom he knew could be trusted to office from every class. In order to solve the problems of so many people without jobs, he put Rome's citizens to work on construction projects building forums, granaries, baths, temples, libraries, and roads. "I found Rome built of sun-dried brick; I leave it clothed in marble," he boasted of his accomplishments.
Augustus appointed able men to supervise the postal service and the grain trade. The emperor also gave Rome its first fire department. Education was another concern for him. Augustus paid the salaries of school teachers and librarians and urged that students be given a basic training in citizenship.
The emperor was well aware that the army had become bloated during the wars of the Late Republic. So he reduced the size of the army from 60 to 28 legions. Dismissed soldiers, 100,000 of them, were settled in different parts of the Empire furthering its Romanization. He also expanded Rome's borders even farther. The Rhine River became a permanent boundary between Germans and Romans for the next 300 years. All the territory south of the Danube was brought under Roman Rule. In Anatolia the Roman border was placed on the Euphrates River.
The reign of Augustus lasted until AD 14 when he died at 76 years of age. He had truly become father of his countrymen. His vision for the Empire was to unite all people for service on behalf of Rome. He came close to success. It is not too surprising that some people thought him a god.