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Past Perfect

Образование утвердительного высказывания

Для правильных глаголов:

had + глагол+ed

Окончание -ed добавляется к глаголу по орфографическим правилам.(см Грамматическое приложение, стр. 91)

Для неправильных глаголов

had + 3-я форма глагола.

Образование вопросов

Для образования общих, специальных и альтернативных вопросов глагол- связку had ставят перед подлежащим.

Например, утвердительное предложение She had created a new brand before her returning in fashion industry.

общий вопрос Had she created a new brand before her returning in fashion industry?

специальный вопрос Before what had she created a new brand?

N. B. В специальных вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов сохраняется таким же, как и в утвердительном предложении.

Образование отрицаний

Для образования отрицаний используют после глагола-связки had ставят частицу not.

Например, утвердительное предложение We had admired him in our childhood. отрицание We had not admired him in our childhood.

В разговорной речи предпочтительней использовать сокращенную форму:

hadn''t = had not

Использование Past Perfect

Время Past Perfect используется, когда говорящий говорит о действии, которое произошло до какого-то момента "говорения" в прошлом. Этот момент может быть указан

  • явно.

Например, I had cooked holiday dinner by 4 p.m. yesterday.

  • неявно - другим действием.

Например, I visited a dentist after you had advised me it.

В этом случае, следует запомнить конструкции

Before Past Indefinite Past Perfect. Past Perfect before Past Indefinite.

или

After Past Perfect Past Indefinite. Past Indefinite after Past Perfect. Упражнения на Past Perfect

1. Переведите предложения на русский язык и объясните употребление времен.

А. 1. My friend had left London by the time I got there. 2. When I got to Novosibirsk, my friend had gone to Moscow. 3. I didn't ring him up after I had finished the work. 4. Had you been to Canada before you went to the Exhibition? 5. Though I came home at 11 last night, my son hadn't gone to sleep yet.

В. 1. When I came back to Moscow, my friend went to Novosibirsk. When I came back to Moscow, my friend had gone to Novosibirsk. 2. Ann had spoken to the teacher when Mary came to show him her work. Ann was speaking to the teacher when Mary came to discuss the work she had done. 3. The meeting had begun before we got to the place. As soon as we got to the place, the meeting began. 4. When my friend rang me up, I was doing my homework. I had already done my homework when my friend rang me up. 5. When did you begin reading English books? They had read two English books by the end of the month. 6. We went to Leningrad in the autumn. The day was fine, it wasn't raining, and as soon as we got off the train, we went for a walk. My friend had never been to the city before and stopped in front of every building and every monument. "I've never seen a more beautiful city in my life," he said to me.