Grammar:
1. Modal
Verbs and their Equivalents.
2. Revision oi the Passive Voice. Text: Laboratory.
LESSON 9
Ex. 1. Pronounce the following words:
quartz
[kwo:ts] platinum ['plaetinam] pour [po:] expel [iks'pel] colourless
i'kivlalis] fume [fju:m] moist [moist] bottom ['botom] sour ]'sauo]
litmus ['litmas] complete [kom'plirt] retort [ri'b:t]
Ex. 2. Read the following words and word combinations:
Ventilating hood ['ventileitig £hud]
test-tube ['testtju:b]
weighing bottles [!weng 'botlz]
hydrogen chloride [^haidridson {kb:raid]
hydrochloric acid ['haidrou'klorik 'aesid]
sulphuric acid [SAl'fjuorik 'sesid]
sodium chloride ['soudjom 'kb:raid]
suffocating odour ['sAfokeitig 'ouda]
sodium acid sulphate f'soudjam 'aesid 'sAlfeit]
nitric acid ['naitrik 'aesid]
sodium nitrate ['soudjom 'naitreit]
Ex. 3. Read the following words, mind the stresses:
experiment [iks'perimont] running water ['глшд 'wo:ta] experimental work [eks,peri- evaporating dish [I'vaeporeituj 'mentl 'wa:kl 'dij]
research-worker [ri's3:tf originally [a'ricfcanah] 'wo:k0]
Study the following chart, mind the meaning of modal verbs and their equivalents:
The
students must study hard.
duty,
obligation
We
have to carry out this experiment two times.
necessity,
duty
The
meeting is to take place at 5 p, m,
plan,
agreement
We
can finish our work in due time.
abilityy
capability
We
shall be able to solve this problem much earlier if we get
necessary information in time.
S
• .... ability
You
may take these books, I have read them.
May
I take these books?
permission
request
Ex.
4. Give the Past Indefinite Tense:
1. He can speak English quite well. 2. He is to be at home at 7 o’clock. 3. She has to work at home today. 4. They must be very attentive at the lessons.
Ex. 5. Complete the following sentences according to the models:
Model I: I have missed many lessons and now I have to work very hard.
The results of their experiments were bad, they had to repeat them.
1. He has worked very hard this month, he ... a little now. 2. This substance is very rare, if you want to use it, you . . . before the experiment. 3. They used analytical balances as they . . . very minute quantities. 4. The water is very cold, you . .. before drinking it.
Model II: I cannot attend the lecture as I am to be at home at six.
Don’t be late, the meeting ... at five sharp. 2. He . . . his research work by the end of this year, that’s why he is so busy. 3. The temperature ... to 100°C if you want to finish your experiment in time.' 4. Don’t you know that she . ... at three, it will take her an hour to get here.
Ex. 6. Fill in the blanks with “to have to” or “to be to”:
I can’t go with them as I ... (to be) at the Institute at half past nine. 2. If you want to understand this phenomenon better, you ... (to look through) some articles devoted to this problem. 3. As this question is not solved the meeting . . . (to be put off). 4^ At ten a.m. he . . . (to make a report), I think it will be interesting to listen to him. 5. As he made many mistakes in his last work he . . . (to rewrite) it.
Ex. 7. Compare the following pairs of sentences and translate them into Russian:
They washed glassware well.
Glassware was washed well.
The professor referred to this new book.
The new book was referred to by the professor.
The student sent his friend to the library.
The student was sent to the library.
The students have answered all the questions.
The students have been answered all the questions.
He spoke much about this new invention.
He was much spoken of.
He insisted on these conditions.
These conditions were insisted on (by him).
Large quantities of sulphur have been produced recently at the plants.
They have produced large quantities of sulphur recent-
]У-
Ex. 8. Fill In the blanks with “can”, “must”, “may”:
I . . . help you yesterday as I came very late from the Institute. 2. You . . . understand now that it is necessary to do everything in time. 3. ... I take your dictionary? I have lost mine. 4. Yesterday he. . . come to the library as he had a meeting. 5. They . . . prepare everything for the experiment tonight. 6. If you want, you . . . read this article.
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Ex. 9. Translate the following sentences Into Russian:
1. He was told to be in time. 2. She was asked to help him.
They were sent to the plant. 4. He was sent for. 5. The professor was sent for. 6. The speaker has been listened to with great interest and attention. 7. The new discovery is much spoken of in our Institute. 8. They will be given a very important task.
Ex. 10. Remember the following verbs and nouns:
to limit—a limit to light—light to place—a place to order—an order to escape—an escape