- •1.1.1 Write of the vitamins, a biological role.
- •1.1.2 Write the basic structure of proteins.
- •1.1.3 Write the secondary and tertiary protein structures.
- •1.1.5. Write the еnzyme function.
- •1.1.6. Write the agreement about the name of enzymes
- •1.1.7. Write the what are carbohydrate.
- •1.2.1 Describe the vitamins d,a biological role and mineral substances of food
- •1.2.4. What is the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides. What are some examples of them.
- •1.2.2. Describe the transcription: synthesis of rna.The basic stages of transcription
- •1.2.3 Describe the vitamins b6,a biological role and mineral substances of food
- •1.2.5 What are the organic chemical groups that compose carbohydrates?
- •1.2.6 Describe the vitamins b1,a biological role and mineral substances of food.
- •1.2.7. Describe the structure and mechanism of action of enzymes
- •1.3.1. What is the molecular formula for glucose.Aerobic oxidation of glucose in a cell. A sequence of reactions up to formation of the pyruvate
- •1.3.2. Write the vitamins а, а biological role and there isfor the reaction
- •1.3.3 What are monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?
- •1.3.4 . What are hexoses? What are some examples of hexoses with important biological functions?
- •1.3.5. Make use of vitamins b,а biological role and of the reaction of vitamins b
- •1.3.6. Make use of structure of rna features of structure rna?
- •2.1.1. Give definition to enzymes. Features of enzymatic catalysis.
- •2.1.2 Write the types of enzymes
- •2.1.3 What are the main biological functions of polysaccharides?
- •2.1.4. What are pentoses.What are the roles of pentoses in dna and rna molecules.
- •2.1.5. Write the Nucleic acid. The structure of nucleic acids
- •2.1.6. Write the importance of nucleic acid, give an example.
- •2.1.7 What is lipids. Write what are the functions of lipids.
- •2.2.1.Describe of enzyme cofactor and holo-enzyme.
- •2.2.3. Describe the structure of nucleic acid, what types have nucleic acid
- •2.2.4. What is nucleotides. Tertiary structure of dna?
- •2.2.5. Describe the function of dna, biological role of dna
- •2.2.6 Explain about chemical and physical properties of lipids
- •2.3.1. Write the Molisch reation. Reaction of the necessary equipment and reagents
- •2.3.2. Write the Ksantoproteïn determined amino acid reaction. Reaction of the necessary equipment and reagents
- •2.3.3. Write the vitamins c, а biological role and there is for the reaction
- •2.3.4. What is nucleotides. Primary structure of nucleic acids
- •2.3.5. Describe the function of dna, biological role of dna
- •3.1.1. Write about chemical composition of lipids.
- •3.1.2. Write the types of lipids
- •3.1.4. Write the subject and problems of biological chemistry.
- •3.1.5 Write the classification of proteins on the basis of their solubility
- •3.1.6. Write the differences between dna and rna.
- •3.1.7. What types has rna.
- •3.2.1. Describe about complex lipid.
- •Features
- •Function
- •3.2.2. Describe vitamins e,a biological role and mineral substances of food.
- •3.2.3 Describe primary structure of proteins
- •3.2.4. Describe vitamins pp,a biological role and mineral substances of food.
- •3.2.5 Describe biological functions and classification of proteins.
- •3.2.6 Describe physico- chemical properties of proteins
- •3.2.7 Describe types of rna, features of secondary and tertiary structure, functions. A structure of ribosomes
- •3.3.1. Make use of hormonal regulation of enzyme action.
- •3.3.2 Write the Biurets determine amino acid reaction. Reaction of the necessary equipment and reagents.
- •3.3.3 Write the types of interactions between amino acid side chains in stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structures
- •3.3.4. Make use of Physico-chemical properties of proteins
- •3.3.5 Write the Adamkevich determined amino acid reaction. Reaction of the necessary equipment and reagents.
- •3.3.6. Reactions collapse purine and pyrimidine bases, and shows differences.
1.1.5. Write the еnzyme function.
There are two basic ways to increase the chemical reaction rate. The first way - an increase in temperature, that is the acceleration of thermal motion of molecules, leading to the increase in the proportion of molecules with sufficient energy to reach the inside of the transition state.The second way is the acceleration of a chemical reaction - the addition of a catalyst. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions, finding "workarounds" that allow molecules to overcome the activation barrier at a lower energy level.Enzymes are present in all living cells and contribute to the transformation of one substance to another. Enzymes act as catalysts in almost all biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms. They play a vital role in all the processes of life, guiding and regulating the body's metabolism.
1.1.6. Write the agreement about the name of enzymes
Each enzyme is assigned two names. The first is its short, recommended name, convenient for everyday use. The second is the more complete systematic name, which is used when the enzyme must be identified without ambiguity. Typically enzymes called type reaction catalyzed by adding a suffix to the name -aza substrate (e.g., lactase - an enzyme involved in the conversion of lactose). Thus, various enzymes performing the same function would be the same name or the same enzyme has two or more names. Such enzymes are distinguished by different properties, for example, on the optimal pH (alkaline phosphatase), or localization in the cell (membrane ATPase). Many enzymes have historically trivial names that are not related to the names of their substrates, such as pepsin and trypsin. Because of these and other difficulties, and also because of growing numbers of newly discovered enzymes it was made an international agreement on the establishment of a systematic nomenclature and classification of enzymes.
1.1.7. Write the what are carbohydrate.
A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.
Structure / monomer: monosaccharide
Function: ÷energy ÷raw materials ÷energy storage ÷structural compounds
Examples: ÷glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen
1.2.1 Describe the vitamins d,a biological role and mineral substances of food
Calciol, vitamin D2 (cholecalciferol) → precursor of calcitriol, D3 (1,25-dihydroxycalciferol).
Regulates with PTH calcium and phosphate level (absorption, reabsorption, excretion).
Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. Lack of vitamin D causes rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults (soft, bowed bones). Vitamin D is found mostly in fortified milk, but it can also be formed when sunlight strikes the skin.
In cold climates,cultures where all skin is covered, and when too much sunscreen is worn, vitamin D deficiency can occur.
Functions: Mineralization of bones (raises blood calcium and phosphorus by increasing absorption from digestive tract, withdrawing calcium from bones, stimulating retention by kidneys)
Food Sources: ÷Synthesized in the body with the help of sunlight. Fortified milk, margarine, butter, cereals and chocolate mixes. Veal, beef, egg yolk, liver, fatty fish (herring, salmon, sardines) and their oils.