5. Дайте русские эквиваленты речевых отрезков.

1. the discovery is leading to; 2. the discovery is critical; 3. the improvement has a reason; 4. the improvement requires; 5. we have studied the emission properties of gas plasma; 6. the concept predicts; 7. the improvement has influenced; 8. the density determines; 9. the laser has provided; 10. the devices performed.

6. В каждом предложении найдите глаголы-сказуемые и дайте их русские эквиваленты.

a) 1. We are still learning how to exploit the potential of integrated circuits.

2. Small and reliable sensing and control devices are the essential elements in complex systems.

3. This allows computers to provide multiple independent output channels.

4. The invention of the transistor triggered the rapid growth of the electronics industry.

5. Experiments lead to new theories.

6. Electrical activity takes place constantly everywhere in the universe.

7. Google Glass is the most hotly anticipated new arrival in "wearable computing" – which experts predict will become pervasive.

8. The semiconductor industry exploits the ‘whole periodic table’ to manufacture its components.

9. Integrated electronics will move not only towards more functions per slice, but towards new types of functions.

10. The Higgs boson gives all elementary particles mass, allowing for the existence of matter.

b) 1. Electronics has extended man’s intellectual potential.

2. The most striking characteristics of the microelectronics industry has been a rapid decline in cost.

3. In recent years active research has been going on in one of the fields of space industrialization – space material study and production of new materials of better quality.

4. Moore’s law has yielded fast, smart computers, with pretty graphics and worldwide connections.

5. A microelectronic technology has shrunk transistors and other circuit elements to dimensions almost invisible to unaided eye.

6. Researchers have found a way to hide messages in the data sent by voice-over-internet phone systems.

7. Scientists in Japan have found a deposit of highly concentrated rare earth minerals, crucial for the manufacturing of electronics.

8. Apple has introduced two-step authentication for iCloud and other services to beef up security against possibly hacking attacks.

9. Tweeters have been organising their thoughts using hashtags for years.

10. In the past 50 years we have moved from "mainframe" computers that needed their own rooms to ones that fit in a pocket; any smartphone nowadays has as much raw computing power as a top-of-the-line laptop from 10 years ago.

c) 1. The attempts to miniaturize electronic components are largely successful.

2. Several research groups have recently reported progress in this field.

3. The advances in DNA-based circuits offer a new, powerful platform to potentially realize researcher’s long-held biocomputing dreams.

4. His collaborators are working on a microchip modeled after neurons.

5. His team is trying to create an alternative to the architecture common to nearly every computer constructed since its invention.

6. He emphasizes that cognitive-computing architectures will not replace conventional computers but complement them.

7. Even before the invention of the transistor the electronics industry had studied the properties of thin films of metallic and insulating materials.

8. Electricity provides light, heat, and mechanical power.

9. A device that counts photons individually will help to greatly extend the range of networks that send encrypted quantum communications.

10. A new scheme for a quantum communications link will allow a sender to relax in the knowledge that only a recipient in exactly the right location can read their message.

7. A. Look through the following text, define its main idea.

Worries about Internet Use

A recent survey into Internet use has thrown up some worrying results. The Stanford University survey asked respondents to answer a number of questions about their Internet use. It asked how much time they spent on the Internet and whether Internet use had affected the amount of time they spent with family and friends.

The answers were interesting but not unexpected. Two-thirds of the people surveyed responded that they still spend fewer than five hours a week on the Internet. The survey concludes that the behaviour of these people has changed little. However, a quarter of those people who use the Internet for more than five hours a week claimed that they spend less time with their family and friends.

Professor of Political Science at Stanford, Norman Nie, tells us that we are moving from a world where we know and see neighbours and friends to one where interaction takes place at a distance. It seems that the results of the survey prove that the Internet is turning people into solitary beings who can’t be bothered to call their mother on her birthday.

B. Answer the following questions:

1. What survey did the Stanford University carry out?

2. What results were achieved?

3. What are the worries about Internet use?

4. Why do people feel lonelier today than they used to?

5. How much time do you spend surfing the Internet? Is there anything that you want to change?

8. Read the text. After reading it, explain what UAV is, its structure and how it works.

MIT Makes a Drone Aircraft that Can Fly Indoors

We have seen quadrocopters do some pretty awesome indoors maneuvers, from swarming to playing a piano symphony. But what we really want to see is a full-fledged airplane whipping around the inside of a building.

MIT’s Robotics Group is taking steps toward making this a reality with an autonomous UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) that can fly around in a tight car park. To accomplish this feat, the MIT scientists developed a short winged, laser-equipped brainiac UAV that can understand where it is and how to avoid obstacles all on its own.

MIT professor Mark Drela developed the UAV with a short 2-meter wingspan so that it could maneuver quickly in enclosed spaces. More importantly, the small airframe packs the same computational power as a netbook, with an Intel Atom processor inside.

It needs all this processing power to run a state-estimation algorithm in conjunction with a set of lasers, accelerometers, and gyroscopes. With these combined technologies, The UAV is able to figure out its own orientation and velocity as well as 15 other in-flight factors without a GPS signal. At the same time, the UAV constantly runs an algorithm that it uses to avoid obstacles it comes across on the fly.

So far, the MIT scientists have run a preliminary test of the system aided by a preloaded map. The UAV successfully flew for a total of three miles at 22 miles per hour.

The MIT researchers’ next step will be to build an algorithm that allows their UAV to make a map of its surroundings on the fly.

Part V

PASSIVE VOICE