6. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих предложений, учитывая особенности перевода модальных глаголов:

1. First we should consider the arrangement of atoms in metals, i. e., in substances having thermal and electrical conductivities.

2. This field of force might be a simple static electric or a simple magnetic field.

3. Electronic devices must be built to fine limits if they are to function in the predicted manner.

4. A stream of electrons may be regarded as a large number of small bodies all moving in the same direction.

5. Electrons can be removed by the application of a very high electric field.

6. The fields might be very complicated ones.

7. From the purely physical point of view, electronics could be defined as the study of the motion of electrons in, or the interaction of electrons with, a field of force.

8. Matter may exist in any of its states: solid, liquid, gaseous.

9. We have to find another form of energy.

10. Several methods exist whereby sufficient energy may be supplied to the electrons in a metal in order that some of them may leave the metal.

11. You won’t be able to speak to him before the conference.

12. Electrons may be released from a gas in several different ways.

13. One of the requirements of an ideal optical system is that the magnification is to be constant.

14. We were not allowed to use our notes at the exam.

15. If there is a force between any pair of objects, we ought to be able to measure the force between them.

16. No further mention need be made of this elementary phenomenon, except to notice that excitation may be caused by any form of energy.

17. Efficient long-distance communication had to wait for the discovery of electricity.

18. It should be kept in mind that the initial electrons may be supplied by any of the methods discussed above.

19. We were to share the room with foreigners.

20. You shouldn’t have forgotten to leave a message for her.

7. Look through the following text, define the information presented in it and entitle the text.

Personal computers can imitate the operation of fax machines. Computer-based faxing enables people to transmit electronic computer files as faxes to another computer or to a conventional fax machine.

To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be equipped with faxing software and a fax modem, and it must be connected to a telephone line. The faxing software prompts the computer user to enter the fax number of the receiving computer or fax machine. The software compresses the file so it can be transmitted more efficiently, and then sends it to the fax modem. The modem converts digital computer files into analog signals so they can travel via telephone lines.

The fax modem of the receiving computer reconverts the analog telephone signal into a digital computer file. The faxing software on the receiving machine decompresses the file, and then notifies the computer user that a fax has been received. The receiver may choose to either view the fax in its electronic format or print it.

B. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Personal computers can imitate the operation of calculating machines.

2. Computer-based faxing enables people to copy electronic computer files.

3. To send and receive facsimile transmissions, a computer must be equipped with faxing software and a fax modem.

4. The software compresses the file so it can be transmitted less efficiently.

5. Digital computer files can’t travel via telephone lines.

6. Fax machine reconverts the analog telephone signal into a digital computer file.

7. The receiver may choose to either view the fax in its electronic format or print it.

8. A. Read the text. Choose the most suitable title:

1. A Spymaster on the Net

2. E-Blaster

3. “Spy” Software in Industry

Parents who worry about what their children are being exposed to on the Internet are turning to E-Blaster for help. E-Blaster is ‘spy’ software that allows you to monitor what is being done on your PC, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, by sending a detailed report to your e-mail address as often as every 30 minutes.

Once you have installed E-Blaster, you can check which web sites your children have visited, who they have talked to online and even what they have ‘said’. Monitoring the keystrokes typed by your child is similar to being able to read their mail or listen in on their phone conversations. You can even program E-Blaster to look for keywords such as swear words or other inappropriate language.

Because E-Blaster can be hidden from the PC user, it is also popular with employers, who are not always there to monitor what their employees are doing on their PCs at work.

Concerned parents and employers might get piece of mind from E-Blaster but, if the PC user isn’t informed that they are being ‘spied’ on, it could be considered an invasion of privacy. Personally, I feel that it is a sad reflection on our society today that we feel the need to replace trust and honest communication with ‘spy’ software.

B. Answer the following questions:

1. What is E-Blaster?

2. Who prefers using E-Blaster?

3. What can people do with the help of E-Blaster?

4. How can it be possible that a PC user doesn’t know he is being spied on.

5. Why is using E-Blaster considered as an invasion of privacy?

6. What is the author’s opinion of E-Blaster?

C. What do you, personally, think about using “spy” software? When is it necessary? When can it be dishonest towards PC users?