VI. Use the following words and word combinations in the sentences of your own:
A traditional wood deck, to consist of planks, fore and aft, to be caulked and payed with tar, in a thick layer of paint, to be laid over metal beams, to avoid distortion of the plate, to be welded twice, a single unit, to reduce corrosion, a female mould, required deck thickness, to fasten to the hull, mirror – smooth surface.
VII. Insert the missing words using the text:
A traditional wood deck would consist of … laid fore and aft over … and along carlins.
The … or … … form the joint between the deck planking and that of the topsides, and are caulked similarly.
… … plating is laid over metal beams and carlins and … temporarily in place.
… are usually double pass, meaning each seam is … … .
… … is welded to the …, making it structurally a single unit.
… is removed from … and usually mechanically fastened to … .
VIII. Ask as many questions as possible to the following questions:
Modern "constructed decks" are used primarily on fiberglass, composite, and cold-molded hulls.
The decking itself is usually multiple layers of marine-grade plywood, covered over with layers of fiberglass in a plastic resin such as epoxy or polyester overlapped onto the topsides of the hull.
The difficulty in metal construction is avoiding distortion of the plate while welding due to the high heat involved in the process.
Fiberglass decks are quite slick with their mirror-smooth surfaces, so a non-skid texture is often moulded into their surface, or non-skid pads glued down in working areas.
A yacht or other fancy boat might then have the deck canvassed, with the fabric laid down in a thick layer of paint or sealant, and additional coats painted over.
IX. Retell the text “Construction of decks.” unit 22. Bow
I. Words to be remembered:
nautical – морской
forward part – передняя часть
stern – корма
timber – строевой лес, древесина
to be derived from – выводить из
trunk – шахта
vulnerable part – слабый элемент конструкции
shipwright – судосборщик
resistance – сопротивление
tanker – бак, цистерна
length – длина
stem – нос (судна)
metal bar – металлический пруток
wetness – влажность
turret – башенка
weight – вес
II. Read and translate the following text:
The bow is a nautical term that refers to the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is most forward when the vessel is underway. Both of the adjectives fore and forward mean towards the bow. The other end of the boat is called the stern.
The term bow comes from the old days of timber boat building. It is derived from the use of the trunk and a bow (bough) or large limb of a tree where the natural strength from the grown curved fibers of the wood provides the strength for this most vulnerable part of the ship or boat. The shipwright would cut the bow and trunk vertically through the felled tree to find the most natural curved form.
The bow is designed to reduce the resistance of the hull cutting through water and should be tall enough to prevent water from easily washing over the top of it. On slower ships like tankers, a fuller bow shape is used to maximize the volume of the ship for a given length.
Fig. 24. Bow of the cruise ship
The forward part of the bow, usually on the ship's centerline, is called the stem. Traditionally, the stem was an upright timber or metal bar into which side planks or plates were joined.
A "wet bow" results from seawater washing over the top of the hull. A raked stem can help to reduce the wetness of the bow. Aside from making the deck slippery, water can corrode the metal of the ship. If the temperature is low enough this water can also freeze on the deck, rails, turrets, and other exposed surfaces, increasing the topside weight.
Several types of bows exist. These include:
Tumblehome
Raised foredeck
Reverse sheer
Conventional clipper
Low-cain spoon bow
High-cain spoon bow
Fig. 25. Types of bows