- •Introduction
- •10. Immune therapy of staphylococcal diseases includes drugs, except:
- •39. Which bacterial component causes endotoxic shock?
- •64. What microorganism is a common reason of bacterial meningitis in newborns?
- •65. Virological and bacteriological method of the researched material revealed the agents of measles and scarlet fever. What kind of infection is it?
- •68. A patient is diagnosed with "croupous pneumonia". Microscopy of the pus from the sputum revealed Gram-positive diplococci of lancetical form with a capsule. What agent caused the disease?
- •(Coffee-bean Shaped Diplococci)3
- •99. What is the most frequent reason of newborn bacterial meningitis?
- •Facultative - anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Escherichia4
- •132. A remedy containing bifidobacteria is used to prevent disbacteriosis. What group of preventive medication does it refer to?
- •133. What is the argument to prove that younger children are not susceptible to develop dysenterial escherichiosis but they get infected by serotypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli?
- •Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Shigella5
- •F acultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Salmonella7
- •Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Causative Agents of Cholera9
- •Microaerophilic Nonsporeforming Gram-negative Rods (Causative Agents of Campylobacteriosis and Helicobacteriosis)10
- •Causative Agents of Botulism, Food Toxic Infection and Food Intoxications11
- •302. A patient is taken to the infectious department with preliminary diagnosis of botulism. What reaction should be performed to investigate botulinic toxin?
- •Bacteria of Clostridium Genus – Agents of Tetanus and Wound Anaerobic Gas Infection12
- •Faculative-anaerobic Nonsporeforming Gram-positive Rods: Corynebacteria. Causative Agents of Whooping Cough13.
- •387. What nutrient agar will the studied material for identification of the causative agent of diphtheria be inoculated on?
- •407. What is the objective of studying cultural properties, capability to ferment starch and hemolytic activity of bacteria on identification the pure culture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
- •408. Because of the unfavorable epidemiological situation with morbidity rate of diphtheria, dt-vaccine was used for immunization of adults. What type of immunity does it produce?
- •417. What component of vaccine is used by a physician for prophylaxis and production of antidiphtherial antitoxic immunity?
- •Pathogenic Mycobacteria18
- •482. It is necessary to use direct variant of ift for express diagnostics of anthrax. What ingredient must be used to perform the reaction?
- •Pathogenic Spirochetes24
- •537. Microscopy of the blood specimen taken from the patient with a high pick of fever attack revealed convolute bacteria with 3-8 deep irregular convolutions. What bacteria were determined?
- •538. A patient is diagnosed with secondary syphilis. What are the signs of positive reaction to complement fixation test?
- •The Diseases Caused by Bacteria of Rickettsia and Coxiella25 Genus
- •Chlamydia and Mycoplasms26
- •607. A patient is initially diagnosed with chlamydiosis. To identify the causative agent, a doctor used a polymerase chain reaction. What is this reaction based on?
- •608. After a holiday trip to Asia, a patient was admitted to the hospital with groin lymphogranulomatosis. How can Chlamydia trachomatis be identified in the material obtained from the patient?
- •Sanitary Bacteriological Investigation of Microflora (Water, Air, Food Stuff, and Soil)27
- •Nosocomial Infections28
- •Causative Agents of Human Mycosis29
- •702. Homosexual man complaining of malaise, dry cough and fever was admitted to the hospital. X-ray examination revealed two-sided root infiltrate. What is the most likely aetiology of pneumonia?
- •Contents
Causative Agents of Human Mycosis29
669. Microscopy of epidermis of digital folds and soles revealed septic branchy mycelium and square arthrospores located in chains. What agent of mycosis are these morphological particularities typical for?
А. Agent of epidermophytia.
В. Agent of candidosis.
С. Agent of trichophytia.
D. Agent of microsporia.
Е. Agent of favus.
670. A child was presented with whitish spots on the mucous membrane of the cheeks. They looked like boiled milk. Micropreparations contained lengthened pseudogifs, chlamydospores (thick-walled two-planimetric large spores of oval shape), and blastospores (budding cells). What microorganism seems to have caused the impairment of the mucous membrane of the cheeks?
А. Fungi of Candida genus.
В. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
С. Fusobacteria.
D. Actinomycetes.
Е. Staphylococcus aureus.
671. A child is admitted to the hospital with the following symptoms: on the mucous membrane of his cheeks, palate and tongue white and yellowy incrustation typical for candidosis was observed. What material is suggestive for investigation?
А. Incrustation from different parts of the oral cavity.
В. Urine.
С. Hair and nails.
D. Rhinopharyngeal mucus.
Е. Blood.
672. A worker of the chemical factory (the experience of work is 15 years) manifests contact dermatitis (hyperemia, rash) of the neck and face. Which of the conditions is it likely to be?
А. Allergic reaction of the delayed-type.
В. Allergic reaction of the immediate type.
С. Immunodeficiency of B-system.
D. Late γ (gamma) − hypoglobulinamia.
Е. Immunodeficiency of T-system.
673. The dominant dermatomycosis is known as Tinea pedis – "athlete’s foot". What species of fungus causes this disease?
А. Trichophyton mentagrophytes or Trichophyton interdigitale.
В. Trichophyton violaceum or Candida albicans.
С. Microsporum canis or Epidermophyton floccosum.
D. Microsporum gypseum or Microsporum audouinii.
Е. Microsporum audouinii or Microsporum canis.
674. A child is diagnosed with candidiasis of the oral cavity. What preparation is used for treatment?
А. Nystatin.
В. Gentamicin.
С. Benzylpenicillin.
D. Tetracyclinum hydrochloride.
Е. Cifran.
675. Microscopy of swab from the tongue stained by Gram method revealed a chain of big dark-violet cells. The causative agent of what disease is characterized by such morphological properties?
А. Candidiasis.
В. Actinomycosis.
С. Staphylococcal infection.
D. Streptococcal infection.
Е. Diphtheria.
676. A patient is diagnosed with chronic colpovaginitis. Microscopy of specimen from the patient’s discharge revealed blastospores – budding cells in diameter of 3-6 µm and chlamydospores − thick-walled two-planimetric large spores of ellipsoidal form. Name the agent of the disease due to this morphology.
А. Agent of candidiasis.
В. Agent of coccidioidosis.
С. Agent of epidermophytosis.
D. Agent of microsporia.
Е. Agent of cryptococcosis.
677. A patient is diagnosed with the impaired hair of the head as well as skin of the fingers and nails. Microscopy of the hair revealed that mycelium of the fungi penetrated inside the hair and alongside. What disease is caused by such type of fungus?
А. Trichophytosis.
В. Microsporia.
С. Epidermophytia.
D. Favus.
Е. Candidosis.
678. A child had been ill with chronic pneumonia for a long time, with frequent reoccurrences and candidosis. She was tested for γ (gamma) - hyperglobulinamia. In the blood and bronchopulmonary exudate there were identified phagocytes, cytoplasm of which contained cells of Candida fungi and enterobacteria. Disfunction of what cells of the patient’s organism can cause such pathological process?
А. Macrophages and neutrofills.
В. T- and B-lymphocytes.
С. B-lymphocytes.
D. T-lymphocytes.
Е. Mast cells.
679. HIV-patient presented to the hospital with dysphagia. Examination of the oral cavity allowed the doctor to determine redness of the mucous membrane. Phibroezophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed thick white spots in the oral cavity. Material obtained from the spots was inoculated on Sabouraud agar. Microscopy of the preparation revealed oval budding cells of deep purple color. What microorganism was identified by bacteriologist?
А. Fungus of genus Candida.
В. Cytomegalovirus.
С. Simple herpes virus of type I.
D. Staphylococcus aureus.
Е. Actinomycetes.
680. Microscopy of the hair from the patient’s damaged lesions revealed mycelium of fungi, spores, air blisters, and oil drops. What causative agent of fungeal disease is characterized by such clinical features?
А. Favus.
В. Microsporia.
С. Trichopophytia.
D. Epidermophytia.
Е. Sporotrichosis.
681. A patient had taken immune depressants for a long period of time. Investigation of the mucous membrane and sputum identified large Gram-positive oval budded cells located chaotically alongside with lengthened cells located in chains. What microorganism was isolated?
А. Fungus of genus Candida.
В. Actinomycetes.
С. Streptococci.
D. Streptobacilli.
Е. Yersinia.
682. A pregnant woman complains of itching and discharges from the genitals. Bacterioscopy of the discharges from the vagina determined pseudomycelium of dark-violet pigmentation. What microorganism is more likely to cause the disease?
А. Fungus of genus Candida.
В. Staphylococci.
С. Streptococci.
D. Diplococci.
Е. Sarcine.
683. Examining a 3-month-old child, a pediatrician noted that the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue were covered with thick white incrustation. Bacteriologist determined fungi in the material obtained from the damaged regions. What type of mycosis is likely to be diagnosed?
А. Candidasis.
В. Actinomycosis.
С. Favus.
D. Epidermophytia.
Е. Trichophytia.
684. A swab of whitish incrustation from the mucous membrane of the oral cavity was sent to the lab. Inoculation of the material on Sabouraud agar produced colonies which looked like sour cream. Microscopy of the material from the colonies revealed small yeast budding cells. What is the causative agent of the disease?
А. Agent of mycosis.
В. Agent of spirochetosis.
С. Agent of ricketsiosis.
D. Agent of micoplasmosis.
Е. Agent of chlamydiosis.
685. A resident of the village presented with a solid phlegm-like infiltrate in the cervical-jaw portion; the skin around it was of blue-purple pigmentation. In the center there was necrotizing purulent infiltrate with unpleasant odour. To confirm the diagnosis of actinomycosis, microscopy of the pus was performed. What microorganism is likely to be identified to confirm the diagnosis?
А. Droozes30.
В. Gram-positive streptococci.
С. Gram-negative diplobacteria.
D. Acid resistent rods.
Е. Gram-negative diplococci.
686. Lesions of the damaged skin and hair were revealed on the patient’s head: the hair had been cracked above the surface of the skin, also, it was damaged in hair follicles. Microscopy of the hair revealed that microorganisms looked like "endothrix" − arthroconia are identical, large, oval, located in the middle of a hair root like long chains. Name the causative agent of the disease.
А. Trichophyton violaceum.
В. Trichophyton schoenleinii.
С. Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
D. Epidermophyton floccosum.
Е. Microsporum canis.
687. Microscopy of the smear from the mucous membrane and tonsils of a 5-year-old girl revealed a great number of small globular and ellipsoid Gram-positive typical for budding cells. What culture of microorganisms may it be?
А. Yeast.
В. Streptococci.
С. Staphylococci.
D. Veillonella.
Е. Dyphtheroides.
688. A child is admitted to the clinic with symptoms typical for candidosis. What method of investigation is it necessary to carry out to approve the diagnosis of candidosis?
А. Skin-allergic test.
В. Bacteriological.
С. Microscopic.
D. Biological.
Е. Serological.
689. The course of treatment by antibiotics resulted in the development of stomatitis. A swab from the mucous membrane of the oral cavity yields oval polymorphic microorganisms of deep purple pigmentation arranged in settlers. What microorganism is likely to cause the disease?
A. Candida albicans.
B. Clostridium perfingens.
C. Staphylococcus aureus.
D. Streptococcus pyogenes.
E. Helicobacter pylori.
690. A patient with severe case of pneumonia had been treated for the disease by antibiotic therapy which appeared to be ineffective. Microscopy of the sputum made it possible to identify Candida albicans. What group of infections does the disease relate to?
A. Opportunistic infection.
B. Zooantroponosic infection.
C. Primary infection.
D. Zoonosic infection.
E. Local infection.
691. In cases of immunodeficiency some representatives of normal microflora seem to be aetiologic factors of opportunistic infections. What representative of microflora is likely to cause opportunistic infection?
A. Candida albicans.
B. Staphylococcus aureus.
C. Clostridium perfingens.
D. Streptococcus pyogenes.
E. Escherichia coli.
692. An 8-year-old boy is diagnosed with alopecia. The hair on the head is cut 5-8 µm above the surface of the head; the roots are covered with mosaic arranged artroconidia (like "ectothrix"). Fluorescent microscopy of the damaged hair yields green lightning. Which of pathogenic fungi is likely to cause the disease?
A. Microsporum.
B. Trichophyton.
C. Epidermophyton.
D. Sporotrix.
E. Cladosporium.
693. A paediatrician revealed a white coat on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, on the tongue and lips of a 3-month-old child. A preliminary diagnosis is candidosis. On what nutrient medium will inoculation be performed to confirm the diagnosis?
A. Saburaund medium.
B. Endo agar.
C. Löwenstein-Jensen medium.
D. Serum agar.
E. Klauberg medium.
694. A 50-year-old male presented to the thoracic department complaining of breathlessness, pain in the right portion of the thorathic cavity, fatigue, considerable loss of weight, elevated body temperature to 38 ºC. A preliminary diagnosis was acute right-sided pneumonia. Intensive antibacterial therapy appeared to be ineffective. Microscopy of seral purulent punctate of the pleura revealed fine septic branchy mycelium, conidiophores with thickened endings and chains of conidia. On Saburoud plate colonization grew some days later. Skin allergic test confirmed the preliminary diagnosis. What is the most likely causative agent of the disease?
A. Fungi of Aspergillus genus.
B. Mycobacteria of tuberculosis.
C. Fungi of Candida genus.
D. Corynebacteria.
E. Listeria.
695. On his visit to India, a man injured his foot and within two months he was admitted to the clinic complaining of pain in the foot. Dissection of the infiltrate revealed droozes of deep brown colour, inside which there were observed closely tangled hyphae of mycelium. What remedy will you administer to the patient?
A. Intraconasol.
B. Erythromycine.
C. Nistatin.
D. Penicillin.
E. Ceftriaxon.
696. A patient with immunodeficiency condition is diagnosed with pulmonary type of mycosis. Microscopy of pure culture yields separate spores, branchy septic mycelium and branchy conidiophores with exospores (conidia). What genus of fungi does the causative agent relate to?
A. Penicillinum.
B. Aspergillus.
C. Candida.
D. Mucor.
E. Trichophyton.
697. A diabetic patient developed pneumonia that did not respond to antibacterial therapy. The mucus was inoculated on Sabouroud agar. Colonies of creamy colour, soft and smooth grew on the plate. The margin of the colony was surrounded by pseudomycelium penetrating into agar. The causative agent of what infection is the isolated microorganism likely to be?
A. Mycosis.
B. Chlamydiosis.
C. Rickettsiosis.
D. Balantidiosis.
E. Mycoplasmosis.
698. The solution of what substance is used to dissolve ceratoids at microscopy of skin scales involved by epidermofits?
A. Alkali (10% solution КОH or NaOH).
B. Acetone.
C. Ether.
D. Ethanol.
E. Formalin.
699. A 40-year-old male is admitted to hospital with presentations of subcutaneous neoplasm on the upper part of the neck, solid, painful and reddish, as well as occasional purulent discharge from the granules in which a physician determined whitish granules containing hyphae. What is the suggestive diagnosis?
A. Actinomycosis.
B. Candidosis.
C. Melanoma.
D. Tuberculosis.
E. Furunculosis.
700. A patient complained of frequent recurrent infections and fungal infections. He had to be examined thoroughly as he was suspected of immunodeficiency. Findings of immune electrophoresis showed that the level and correlation of antibodies in the blood serum appeared to be normal. What investigation should be performed to count the number of lymphocytes?
A. E-RFC31.
B. M-RFC.
C. EAC-RFC.
D. BTLR32 on PHA.
E. BTLR on LPS.
701. To prevent fungal disbacteriosis which is, as a rule, a result of intensive antibacterial therapy, a patient is administered medication containing live microorganisms resistent to antibacterial antibiotics. What microorganisms are resistent to the influence of antibacterial antibiotics?
A. Sugarmyces.
B. Lactobacteria.
C. Bifidobacteria.
D. Escherichia coli.
E. Milky acid streptococci.