702. Homosexual man complaining of malaise, dry cough and fever was admitted to the hospital. X-ray examination revealed two-sided root infiltrate. What is the most likely aetiology of pneumonia?

A. Pneumocytes.

B. Streptococci.

C. Mycoplasms.

D. Staphylococci.

E. Klebsiella.

Contents

		P.
Introduction…..………………………………………...……...		3
Gram-positive Cocci: Staphylococci ………………………..		5
Gram-positive Cocci: Streptococci……………………………		17
Gram-negative Cocci: Neisseria (Coffee-bean Shaped Diplococci)		27
Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Escherichia ……………………………………………….………		39
Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Shigella……………………………………………………………		48
Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Salmonella……………………………………………………….		57
Facultative-anaerobic Gram-negative Enzymatic Rods – Causative Agents of Cholera………………………………..……		77
Microaerophilic Gram-negative Nonsporeforming Rods …..		86
Causative Agents of Botulism, Food Toxic Infections and Food Intoxications …………………………………………..…..		90
Bacteria of Clostridium Genus – Agents of Tetanus and Wound Anaerobic Gas Infection ……………………………		102
Faculative-anaerobic Nonsporeforming Gram-positive Rods: Corynebacteria. Causative Agents of Whooping Cough..……		114
Pathogenic Mycobacteria ……………………………………….		134
Agents of Plaque, Tularemia, Brucellosis and Anthrax ……….		150
Pathogenic Spirochetes ………………………………………		169
Diseases Caused by Bacteria of Rickettsia and Coxiella Genus……………………………………………………..….		185
Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas ………………………………		188
Sanitary Bacteriological Investigation of Microflora (Water, Air, Food Stuff and Soil)………………………………………		194
Nosocomial Infections ……………………………..................		199
Causative Agents of Human Mycosis……………………...		213

1 Answers: 1-7–А; 8–С; 9-10–В; 11–А; 12–В; 13-14–А; 15–D; 16–А; 17–D; 18–С; 19-32–А; 33–D; 34-39–А.

2 Answers: 40-44–А; 45-46–D; 47–В; 48–А; 49–С; 50–А; 51–В; 52–А; 53–С; 54–D; 55-65–А; 66–В; 67–D; 68-70–А; 71–Е.

3 Answers: 72-82–А; 83-85–В; 86–D; 87-88–А; 89–В; 90–А; 91–D; 92–Е; 93-94–С; 95–D; 96–В; 97–А; 98–D; 99–Е; 100-110–А.

4 Answers: 111-А; 112-А; 113- D; 114- D; 115-В; 116-В; 117-Е; 118-Е; 119-С; 120-В; 121-139-А.

5 Answers: 140-D; 141-Е; 142-D; 143-А; 144-С; 145-147-Е; 148-151-В; 152-А; 153-Е; 154-D; 155-166-А.

6 Medium for cultivation of Francisella tularensis (causative agent of tularemia).

7 Answers: 167–Е; 168–В; 169–Е; 170–А; 171-172–Е; 173–А; 174–D; 175–Е; 176–В; 177–Е; 178–С; 179–А; 180–В; 181–Е; 182–А; 183–Е; 184–D; 185–С; 186-228–А; 229–В; 230-232–А.

8Solid nutrient medium for cultivation of fungi and identification of Aspergillus and Penicillum.

9 Answers: 233–А; 234–С; 235–Е; 236-238–А; 239–Е; 240–В; 241–А; 242–С; 243–D; 244-264–А.

10 Answers: 265–D; 266-267–В; 268–С; 269-272–А; 273–D; 274-276–А.

11 Answers: 277–А; 278–В; 279–А; 280–В; 281–Е; 282–А; 283–С; 284-285–А; 286–В; 287–D; 288–А; 289–D; 290–С; 291–В; 292-314–А.

12 Answers: 315-316–А; 317–В; 318-327–А; 328–С; 329–А; 330–Е; 331–С; 332–D; 333–Е; 334–А; 335–Е; 336-349–А; 350–В; 351-352–А; 353–В.

13 Answers: 354-364–А; 365–D; 366–Е; 367-386–А; 387–D; 388–В; 389–D; 390–В; 391–С; 392–А; 393–С; 394-395–Е; 396-397–D; 398-412–А; 413–Е; 414-417–А; 418–D.

14Tumansky-Korobkova medium – MPA with the additionally warmed blood and gentian violet used for isolation of Yersinia pestis.

15The basis of translocation is introduced by the exchange of nonhomologus ites of chromosomes.

16Escalating of new polipeptide chains on ribosomes.

17Intracutaneous test is performed to establish the presence of antibodies to C.diphtheriae toxin. It includes intrcutaneous introduction of ¼ LMD toxin in 0.2 ml; if antibodies are not produced, on the place of toxin introduction an inflammatory infiltrate with the diameter of 2 cm is created within 48-72 hours.

18 Answers: 419-442–А; 443–D; 444-445–В; 446-448–А; 449–D; 450-463–А; 464–С; 465–В; 466–С; 467–D; 468-471–А; 472–С.

19BCG – (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), a virulent attenuated (live) strain of Mycobacterium bovis.

20Intracutaneous test to establish the presence of antibodies against erythrogenic S.pyogenes toxin; if an inflammatory infiltrate with d > 10 mm is created in the place of toxin introduction within 1-4 hours, a person is susceptible to the causative agent of scarlet fever (positive reaction).

21 Hansen bacillus – the agent of leprosy (rod-shaped Hansen-Neisser disease).

22 Answers: 473-479–А; 480–D; 481–Е; 482-498–А; 499–Е; 500-501–А; 502-503–В; 504–D; 505-506–Е; 507–D; 508-509–Е; 510–D; 511-531–А; 532-533–Е; 534-535–А.

23 SEI – Sanitary-engineering institute

24 Answers: 536-583–А.

25 Answers: 584-592–А.

26 Answers: 593-610–А.

27 Answers: 611-623–А; 624–D.

28 Answers: 625-668–А.

29 Answers: 669-687–A; 688–В; 689-702–А.

30Droozes – a group of mycelium, preferably Actinomyces israelii, shaped like round or oval basophile mass with eosinophile inclusions (evidently, they are antibodies) on the surface. Material for investigation includes pus, sputum, bioptates and cerebrospinal fluid. Droozes of actinomycets are of solid stony structure; pressing on the covering glass produces crepitation. Droozes are also investigated by the method of crashed drop or by Gram or Romanovsky-Giemsa staining.

31 E-RFC – Erythrocyte-Rosette Formation Cells.

32 BTLR – Blasttransformation Leucocyte Reaction.

225