24. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание, что слова the … the перед прилагательным в сравнительной степени являются не артиклями, а союзом «чем…тем»

1) The better is the quality of the molding sand, the smoother is the surface of the casting.

2) The more clay the sand contains, the stronger is the molding mixture.

3) The higher is the cost of the pattern; the more expensive will be the casting.

4) The cheaper is the pattern; the lower will be the cost of castings.

25. Прочтите внимательно и переведите текст в и ответьте по-английски на следующие вопросы

1) In what molds are sand castings produced?

2) How many castings may be produced from one sand mold?

3) What it used for making the cavity of the sand mold?

4) What material gives the strength to the molding sand?

5) What does the porosity of the sand depend upon?

6) What sand must be used for producing the casting with smooth surface?

Text b sand molding

Most castings are produced in sand molds, since this method of production is relatively simple, inexpensive and is not limited to any type of metal or sizes and shapes of castings. Of course, sand molds are used only once, and each casting requires a new mold.

In the production of sand castings the important functions are making the pattern, melting and alloying the metal, pouring the alloy into the mold and cleaning the castings.

Sand molds are made of refractory molding sand. It is a mixture of sand and clay. The clay helps the sand to stick together, and the strength of the molding sand depends upon the clay content in it. Large proportion of clay makes the sand less porous, however. And the sand porosity is very important in medium and heavy work.

The molding sand is to be mixed with water in certain proportion. Too much water should not be poured into the molding sand. The quality of castings often depends upon the amount of water the sand contains.

It is necessary to make a casting with smooth surface; fine sand is to be used. The finer is the sand; the smoother will be the casting. Coarse sand is usually used for making large iron and steel castings.

26. Разбейте текст в по содержанию на две части. Подберите ко 2-ой части текста подходящий заголовок из предлагаемых ниже

a) Making the sand molds.

b) The production of sand castings.

c) Molding sand.

27. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения и назовите номера тех из них, содержание которых не соответствует истине

1) Sand casting is the most economical method in foundry.

2) This method is used only for producing the casting of simple shape.

3) The porosity of the molding sand depends upon the proportion of clay in it.

4) The molding sand for medium and heavy castings (works) must have high clay content.

5) Molding sand must be refractory.

6) The coarse sand makes the surface of the casting less smooth.

7) The more is the clay content in the molding sand; the more is its porosity.

28. Подберите из каждой пары данных справа английских слов то, которое соответствует русскому эквиваленту

модель деталь, заготовка содержание прилипать огнеупорный дешёвый

mold; pattern casting; work content; amount to join; to stick strong; refractory cheap; expensive

29. Вставьте вместо точек подходящее по смыслу слово, предложенное под чертой. Переведите предложения

1) … is a model of the casting object.

2) When the pattern is removed from the sand, … is formed.

3) Permanent molds are more … than sand molds.

4) … sand is less porous.

5) Molding sand is a … of sand, clay and water.

6) The … sand is usually used for molding.

fine, expensive, cavity, refractory, pattern, mixture.

30. Переведите на английский язык следующие существительные. В качестве определения используйте прилагательные: a) refractory; b) coarse. Запишите полученные сочетания

земля, материал, глина, смесь, отливка, поверхность.

31. Переведите следующие русские слова английскими сочетаниями (определительными группами), состоящими из двух слов. Подумайте, что будет определением в каждом сочетании

земляная форма; формовка земли; формовочная земля; литьё в землю; отливки, изготовленные литьём в земляную форму.

32. Закончите следующие предложения, выбрав справа соответствующие слова или сочетания

1) The shape of the mold cavity depends upon the shape of the …. 2) It is better to use sand coarse for making …. 3) Mixing certain metals in metallurgy is known as …. 4) The type of the sand, water and clay content are important factors for …. 5) One of the necessary final operations in producing sand casting is …. 6) A certain amount of clay must be used ….

1) large works; 2) pattern; 3) cleaning the casting; 4) surface; 5) to make the molding sand strong; 6) the process of alloying; 7) the quality of molding sand

33. Сравните сказуемые в каждой паре следующих предложений. Запомните, что сочетания глаголов be, have, should с последующим инфинитивом смыслового глагола выражают долженствование. Сравните перевод каждой пары подчеркнутых сказуемых

1) The casting is removed from the mold only after its being solidified. The casting is to be removed from the mold only after its being solidified.

2) We join two parts of the metal mold before pouring metal into it. We have to join two parts of the mold before pouring metal.

3) Clay is usually used to make the molding mixture strong. To make mixture strong clay should be used in certain proportion.

4) Metals used for permanent molds are refractory. They are to withstand the temperature of the liquid metal.