2. Переведите предложенные вам герундии на русский язык. Назовите глаголы, от которых они образованы

ramming, forming, allowing, supplying, packing, removing, cleaning.

3. Сравните следующие слова. Не следует путать их значения: some – некоторый, несколько, какой-нибудь и same – тот же самый, такой же, похожий. Запомните разницу в их переводе. Переведите предложенные вам предложения

1) Some metals have a very high melting point.

2) The mold may be made from refractory sand or some other suitable ceramic material.

3) It is necessary to produce many castings of the same shape.

4) There are some difficulties in using permanent molds.

5) Cast iron and pig iron contain the same materials but in different proportions.

6) To get a necessary strength of the molding sand, some bonding material is mixed with it.

7) The same work may be produced by different manufacturing processes.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Запомните основные значения союза as: «как», «когда», «в то время как», «так как», «поскольку»

1) Casting process may be very economical as a result of some advantages.

2) Most castings are used as details or component parts of machines and products.

3) Products produced in sand molds are known as sand castings.

4) Molding sand must be refractory as it must withstand the high temperature of molten metal.

5) As the cost of the permanent molds is higher than that of sand molds they are less economical.

6) Hot metal shrinks in the mold cavity as a new portion of the molten metal flows into the mold.

7) As the casting solidifies, it becomes smaller in size.

Запомните следующие сочетания со словом «as»

as … as – также как, такой же…как;

as well – также;

as well as – в такой же мере; также, как и …;

such as – такой же как …;

as for – что касается;

as to – что касается.

5. Переведите предложенные вам ниже предложения, обращая внимание на сочетания со словом «as»

1) The operation of making sand castings is not as is simple as it seems.

2) The foundry industry is as old as our knowledge of brass and iron.

3) As to the physical properties of metals they are crystal structure, electrical conductivity, heat conductivity.

4) Metals have some mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, ductility etc.

5) Sand and clay are mixed to make the molding sand. Water is used as well.

6) The sand as well as the clay must be refractory.

6. Прочтите внимательно текст а. Переведите его на русский язык Text a making a sand mold

Sand mold is made by packing the molding sand around a pattern. A pattern of wood, metal or wax is needed to form the cavity in the sand which molten metal will be poured. Patterns are to have the same shape as the finished object (отливаемый предмет), but their size should be a little (немного) larger as the casting shrinks when cooling. A pattern made of metal may be used longer.

If the pattern is made of one piece, it is called a solid pattern. The pattern made in two halves is known as split pattern. The split patterns may be removed from the mold in pieces (по частям).

For a small amount of castings a wooden pattern may be used. It is more economical than a metal pattern. Sand molds are made in the flasks which are wooden or metal boxes consisting of two parts. The upper portion is called the «cope», and the lower portion is called the «drag».

In sand molding two special boards are to be used. The drag is placed on the moldboard. A molding board is smooth and a little larger than the flask opening. The size of the moldboard should be the same as the outside of the drag. The board which is placed on top of the packed drag is called the bottom board because after turning the flask over, it becomes the bottom of the mold.

7. Напишите для следующих русских терминов по три варианта английских названий

1.) нижняя полуформа; 2.) верхняя полуформа.

8. Ответьте (кратко) положительно или отрицательно на следующие вопросы

1) Can solid pattern be removed from the mold in pieces?

2) Must the pattern be of the same size as the finished object?

3) Does metal shrink during the cooling process?

4) Is the metal pattern stronger than the wooden one?

5) Is the drag turned over after being packed?

9. Прочтите вопрос и выберите на него правильный ответ

1. What size must the pattern have?

a) The pattern must have the same size as the finished object.

b) The pattern must be a little larger than the finished object.

2. Where is the pattern placed for molding?

a) The pattern is placed on the flask.

b) The pattern is placed on the mold board.

c) It is placed on the bottom board.

10. Сгруппируйте следующие слова в пары с противоположным значением, запишите эти пары – антонимы

lower, split, bottom, solid, upper, drag, top, cope

11. В следующих предложениях замените подчеркнутую часть одним английским термином

1) To make a cavity in the sand mold a model of the object is always used.

2) Molding is done in a metal or wooden box.

3) The upper half of the mold is placed on the drag.

4) When the bottom part of the flask is ready it is turned over.

12. Закончите следующие предложения

1) Sand molds are made in a box called a ….

2) The molding sand is packed into the flask around the ….

3) The flask consists of cope and ….

4) Patterns may be made of wax, metal or ….

5) Patterns must be of the same shape as the ….

6) There are two kinds of patterns: solid and ….

7) The drag and one half of the split pattern are placed on the special board called ….

13. Пользуясь следующими вопросами, перескажите текст А по-английски

1) Where is the sand packed in the molding?

2) What is used to form the mold cavity?

3) What kinds of pattern are these?

4) What materials may be used for producing patterns?

5) Are wooden or metal patterns more economical?

6) What patterns, wooden or metal, may be used longer?

7) What parts does a flask consist of?

8) What boards are used in sand molding?

14. Определите, какой частью речи являются в предложениях подчеркнутые слова. Переведите данные предложения

1) The place where molds are poured is called the pouring station.

2) We must place the pattern on the mould board.

3) The bottom board is placed on top of the packed lower half of the mold.

4) When we turn the flask over, the lower part of it becomes the top of the mold.

5) The top part of the flask is called the cope, the bottom part - the drag.

15. Прочтите текст B, переведите его и скажите о чем (формах, стержнях или моделях) идет в нем речь

Text B

To form a hole (отверстие) or hollow in the casting a core is placed in the mold cavity. Cores are formed of sand in core boxes, which are metal or wooden boxes. After removing the core from the box, it is dried (сушить) in a special oven (печь). The core is placed into the mold after the pattern had been removed. The molten metal flows around the core and forms the hole in the casting.