- •Таврійський державний агротехнологічний університет
- •Англійська мова посібник з розвитку навичок читання та говоріння
- •«Облік та аудит»
- •Contents
- •VI. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if these statements are true or false. 44
- •It’s General Regulatory Scheme in Relation to Ukrainian Accounting 83
- •I. Read the text and give the definition to the term 'accounting'.
- •VI. Read the text without a dictionary and answer the question: “How is accounting used in everyday life?” Accounting in everyday life
- •VII. Read the text and find out its main idea.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Look back at the text and choose the correct words to go together.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •Talking points
- •Unit II Occupational Opportunities in Accounting
- •I. Read the text and distinguish between accountants, bookkeepers and accounting clerks.
- •III What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •IV Complete each sentences with a word or phrase from the text.
- •V. Check your grammar.
- •Insert the article (a, an, the or ø) where it is necessary.
- •VI Read the text and find out the difference between a public accountant and a private accountant. Accountants
- •VII. Put these words into the correct order to form the questions. Answer the resulting questions.
- •VIII. Which words are missing from the following sentences?
- •IX. Read the text and explain a bookkeeper’s tasks. Bookkeepers
- •X. Read the text and determine accounting tasks to be done by accounting clerks and general office clerks. Accounting Clerks
- •General Office Clerks
- •XI. What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •XII. Match the names of the jobs with their definitions. (More than one variant is possible).
- •XIII. The following sentences have mistakes. Correct them.
- •XIV. Check your grammar.
- •Unit III Building Careers in Accounting
- •I. Read the text and arrange accountants' jobs in order of their importance.
- •VII. Using the information from the text
- •VIII. Talking points.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •X. Check your grammar.
- •Unit IV Branches of Accounting
- •Guess the meaning of the following international words.
- •II. Read the text and name the main branches of accounting and determine their functions.
- •Management accounting
- •III. Translate the following word combinations.
- •C) external and internal auditors' functions. Unit V Types of Private Sector Organization
- •I. Read the text and determine the main features of unincorporated businesses.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. What meaning have the following words and word combinations?
- •V. Complete the table using the information from the text.
- •VI. Put a word or phrase in the correct place to complete the following sentences.
- •VII. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the words underlined with the expressions from the text which have similar meanings.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Give at least two examples from your own experience of:
- •Unit VI The Users of Financial Information
- •II. Read the text, name the users of financial information and say what they are interested in.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Match the following concepts with their definitions.
- •VII. Check your grammar.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Using the information from the text
- •Unit VII Steps in the Accounting Cycle
- •I. Read the text and describe the first two steps in the accounting cycle.
- •Part (a)
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •VI. Read the text and say what a trial balance is prepared for.
- •VII. Check your grammar.
- •VIII. Using the information from the text
- •Unit VIII Steps in the Accounting Cycle Part II
- •I. Read the text and name the main financial statements.
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •IV. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the text.
- •VI. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if these statements are true or false.
- •VII. Read the text and explain what the accounting equations mean. The fundamental accounting equation
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Translate the text in the written form. Assets
- •X. Using the information from the text
- •Unit IX The Balance Sheet
- •I. Read the text and describe the major sections of the balance sheet.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •VI. Look back at the text and choose the corrects words to go together.
- •VII. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the words underlined with the expressions from the text which have similar meanings.
- •VIII. Word building.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •X. Translate the text in the written form.
- •XI. Using the information from the text
- •Unit X The Income Statement
- •I. Read the text and tell what the income statement shows.
- •Table 2: Any Company, Inc.: Income Statement for the
- •IV. Which words are missing from the following sentences?
- •V. Make pair of words from upper and lower lists. Translate the resulting word combinations.
- •VI. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if these statements are true or false.
- •VII. Using Table 2 determine what the company’s income statement shows.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •X. Translate the text in the written form. Cost of goods sold1
- •Unit XI The Statement of Cash Flows
- •I. Guess the meaning of the following international words.
- •II. Read the text and determine the three major groups of activities cash flows result from.
- •VI. Checking facts and ideas.
- •Table 3: Any Company, Inc.: Statement of Cash Flows
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •VII. Using Table 3 determine what is recorded in the company’s statement of cash flows.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Read the text and say what consolidated statements reflect and include. Consolidated Statements.
- •X. Translate the text in the written form. Disclosure1 and auditing requirements.
- •Unit XII Measurement Principles Asset Value
- •I. Read the text and say what factors value depends on.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. What meaning have the following words and word combinations?
- •V. Look back at the text and choose the correct words to go together.
- •VI. Translate the text in the written form. Asset Сost1
- •VII. Complete the sentences with words or word combinations from the text “Asset Cost”.
- •VIII. Check your grammar. Use the necessary form of the Passive Voice.
- •IX. Using the information from the text
- •I. Read the text and find out what the two sets of estimates required for recognition of income are.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations?
- •V. Find the pairs of synonyms.
- •VI. Translate the text in the written form. What are Revenues?
- •VII. Agree or disagree. Express your own opinion.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Using the information from the text
- •I. Read the text and try to explain the concepts “straight-line depreciation” and “declining-charge depreciation”.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations?
- •IV. Put a word or phrase in the correct place to complete the following sentences.
- •VI. Agree or disagree.
- •VIII. Check your grammar.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •Unit XV Problems of Measurement
- •I. Read the text and determine the problems of measurement.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations?
- •VI. Read the text and describe the event called a gain. Gains
- •VII. Using the information from the texts
- •VIII. Discussion.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •Unit XVI Managerial Accounting Budgetary Planning
- •I. Read the text and say what the budgets are prepared for.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations in the text?
- •VI. Look back at the text and choose the correct words to go together.
- •VII. Read the text, give the title for it and answer the question “What are the functions of accounting personnel in the planning process?”
- •VIII Read and retell the text.
- •IX. Check your grammar.
- •X. Using the information from the texts
- •Unit XVII Cost Finding
- •I. Read the text and determine the main methods of cost finding.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. What meaning have the following word combinations?
- •VII. The following statements have mistakes.
- •VIII. Read the text and answer the question:
- •IX. Translate the text in the written form. Cost and profit analysis.
- •X. Using the information from the texts
- •Unit XVIII Other Purposes of Accounting Systems
- •I. Guess the meaning of the international words.
- •II. Read the text and find out what accounting systems provide.
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •IV. What meaning have the following word combinations?
- •VI. Read the text and answer the question:
- •VII. Read the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Give the title for each part. Retell the text. Bookkeeping
- •VIII. Using the information from the text
- •IX. Building your vocabulary.
- •Unit XIX Summary Structure
- •I. Learn the following instructions.
- •II. Read the text and make up the summary. Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine
- •Unit XX The Accounting System of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:
- •It’s General Regulatory Scheme in Relation to Ukrainian Accounting
- •Key Terms Glossary
- •Bibliography
It’s General Regulatory Scheme in Relation to Ukrainian Accounting 83
Account 87
Bibliography 91
Передмова
Посібник “English for Accountants” призначений для студентів І курсу факультету економіки і бізнесу за спеціальністю “Облік і аудит”.
Посібник включає у собі 20 розділів, що охоплюють широке коло тем з бухгалтерського обліку: цикли бухгалтерського обліку, основна фінансова звітність, система вимірювання у бухгалтерському обліку, напрямки бухгалтерського обліку, головні користувачі фінансової інформації, і т. п.
Тематика та характер учбового матеріалу, що представлений у посібнику, забезпечують формування у студентів професіонального словника, вмінь та навичок читання та говоріння у межах професійної тематики, вміння вилучати потрібну для роботи інформацію, навичок письмового перекладу та складання анотації згідно з програмою.
Тексти підібрані з оригінальних сучасних джерел. Перед кожним текстом є англо-українсько-російський словник спеціальних термінів. Обсяг лексико-граматичних вправ забезпечує роботу в аудиторії та виконання домашніх вправ. Посібник включає ряд граматичних вправ, які забезпечують повторення теоретичного матеріалу. Також посібник має словник основних бухгалтерських термінів. Схеми та таблиці полегшують сприйняття лексичного матеріалу. Завдання посібника мають репродуктивний та продуктивний характер.
Unit I
What is Accounting?
-
Grammar: Indefinite Tenses,
Modal Verbs
Wordlist
account |
|
accounting record |
обліковий запис |
assure |
забезпечувати |
available funds |
наявні кошти |
available income |
наявний прибуток |
business decision |
ділове рішення |
expenditures |
витрати |
interpret |
пояснювати |
keep |
зберігати |
owner |
власник |
profit |
прибуток |
profit-making organization |
прибуткова організація |
spend priorities
|
витрачати першочергово |
sufficient |
достатній |
tax |
податок |
tax revenue |
збирання податків |
transaction |
транзакція, операція, угода |
I. Read the text and give the definition to the term 'accounting'.
Every business manager and owner needs good financial information to make good business decisions. Orderly records of business' financial activities are called accounting records. Planning, keeping, analyzing and interpreting of financial records and transactions is called accounting.
Transactions include buying and selling of goods and services, acquiring insurance, using supplies. Transactions may be recorded by hand or they may be recorded in a computer system. Of course, the trend today is to use computers since the process is often repetitive and complex, and computers greatly simplify the task.
After the transactions have been recorded, they are usually classified into groups that have common characteristics. For example, all purchases are grouped together, as are all sales transactions. A businessman is thus able to obtain needed information about purchases, sales, and other transactions that occur over a given period of time. The methods used to record and summarize accounting data into reports are called an accounting system. Systems that use computers enable an organization to get financial reports daily if they so desire. One purpose of accounting is to help managers to evaluate the financial condition and the operating performance of the firm so that they may make better decisions. Another is to report financial information to people outside the firm such as owners, creditors, suppliers, employees, and the government (for tax purposes).
Both large and small profit-making organizations use accounting information to make decisions. Managers and owners use accounting information to decide if the profits are sufficient. Should selling prices be increased or decreased? How many workers should be employed? Should different or additional products be sold? Should the size of a business be increased or decreased? Non-profit organizations, such as churches, social clubs, and city governments must keep expenditures within available income. Direction of non-profit organizations must decide on spending priorities to stay within the funds available1. City government must plan carefully to assure that tax rates are sufficient to provide adequate tax revenues2. At the same time, city governments keep financial records to restrict expenditures to priority items.3 Thus, non-profit organizations also need accounting information as the basis for making decisions.
Inaccurate accounting records often contribute to business failure.4 Failure to understand accounting information can result in poor business decisions. Accounting training helps business owners and managers to avoid business failure.
NOTES
1. to stay within the funds available - оставаться в рамках наличных средств
2. to provide adequate tax revenues - обеспечивать соответствующие сборы налогов
3. to restrict expenditures to priority items - ограничивать расходы в соответствии с приоритетностью статей
4. contribute to business failure - приводить к банкротству предприятия
