- •Г. Д. Малик
- •Information Challenges
- •Contents
- •Information Age Text 1 understanding data, information, knowledge and their interrelationships
- •Text 2 how to build wisdom and prosper in an ‘information age’
- •5 Myths About the 'Information Age'
- •Brief Overview of Document Management
- •Introduction
- •Text 5 Understanding documents and documentation
- •Typical digital and traditional libraries compared
- •Text 6 The Transformation of Document Storage into Records Management
- •Text 7 problems and challenges of the information age
- •Industrial vs. Information Age
- •Text 8 Hidden-Information Agency
- •Introduction
- •Information Professionals Text 1 The Role of Information Professionals in Global Economic Crisis
- •Introduction: the causes and evolution of the global economic crisis
- •Information Professionals in the Information Age:
- •Vital Skills and Competencies
- •Intellectual Capital And Intangible Assets
- •Text 3 Entrepreneurship Education and Information Professionals
- •Text 4 The Information Professional facing the impact of Search Technology
- •Information Professional in news organizations
- •Knowledge Experts in the Intelligent Organization
- •Text 5 The Changing Role of the Information Professional
- •Implications for Education
- •Text 6 Challenges in Educating 21st-Century Information Professionals
- •Information Professionals in the Corporate World
- •Text 8 The Future of the Information Professional
- •Text 1 The Freedom of Expression and Information
- •Text 2 mass media and its influence on society
- •Text 3 pros and cons of mass media
- •Pros and Cons of Different Types of Media
- •Text 4 seven myths about media effects
- •Classification of Media
- •Text 5 children and the media
- •Print Materials
- •Television
- •Text 6 Ten Reasons to Advertise in a Newspaper
- •Immediate
- •Pros and Cons of Advertising in Newspapers
- •Text 7
- •Interactive elements and customization
- •Text 8 are newspapers dying? yes or no?
- •Newspapers Are Dead
- •No They Aren’t – Not Yet, Anyway
- •Internet Text 1
- •Internet as an important element of the information society and e-business development
- •Text 2 The Internet Revolution: It came. It went. It's here.
- •Text 3 Consumer Benefit from Use of the Internet
- •Text 4 The Educational Advantages of Using Internet
- •Text 5 From media literacy to digital skills
- •Text 6 Social Network Sites
- •Text 7 History of e-books
- •Text 8 The future of the Internet is wired into the human brain
- •It’s all in your head
- •Text 1 Censorship, Violence & Press Freedom
- •Text 2 Censoring and Destroying Information in the Information Age
- •Text 3 Pros and Cons of CenSorship
- •Text 4 Media Censorship: Why is Censorship Good
- •Internet / Magazines
- •Text 5 Censorship and the Arts
- •Text 6 Data driven futures - censorship takes new forms
- •Freedom of speech and censorship - project
- •Surveillance and censorship intertwined
- •Who controls the internet?
- •Paradoxes of democracy
- •Big media - concentration, globalization and user data
- •Media redefined
- •Big data
- •Information regime and respect for the user
- •Text 7 Kids' Book Censorship: The Who and Why
- •Challenges Are Ongoing
- •Why Do People Want to Ban Books?
- •The First Amendment to the u.S. Constitution
- •Kids Fight Book Banning Through kidSpeak
- •Parents Against Bad Books in Schools
- •What Do You Think?
- •Why do people want to ban books?
- •Text 8 Why Not Censor?
- •Text 1 a brief history of pr
- •Text 2 the important role of public relations
- •10 Principles of Public Relations
- •Text 4 ethical public relations: not an oxymoron
- •Text 5 public relations across cultures: building international communication bridges
- •Text 6 pr and blogging – how to think about it?
- •Text 7 how to choose between pr and advertising
- •Text 8 how to run ethically sound pr campaigns
- •Text 1 deal or no deal? resolving conflict through negotiation
- •Importance of good communication skills in negotiation
- •Text 3 a Buyers’ and Sellers’ Guide to Multiple Offer Negotiations
- •Information for Buyers
- •Information for Sellers
- •Information for Buyers and Sellers
- •Text 4 Deception in Negotiations: The Role of Emotions
- •Text 5 Differences in Business Negotiations between Different Cultures
- •Text 6 negotiation conflict styles
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Avoid (I Lose - You Lose)
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Compromise (I Lose / Win Some - You Lose / Win Some)
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Text 7
- •Text 8 ten tips for negotiating in 2013
- •Information Challenges
- •38 Karhula p. Data driven futures - censorship takes new forms / p. Kashula. – Available at: http://www.Ifla.Org/publications/data-driven-futures-censorship-takes-new-forms.
Interactive elements and customization
The ability to present multiple interactive elements is one of the most salient features of e-newspapers (Spyridou & Veglis , 2008). Interactivity can be broadly defined as the reader’s use of tools to control his experience with the web page, as well as send feedback. This allows many-to-many communication in a medium that has been traditionally one-to-many (Chung, 2008). Some of the most commonly used interactive elements in e-newspapers are navigation tools, forum, comments section, and chat room.
Among these elements, a distinction could be made between those that involve the reader and the interface as opposed to those that involve more than one reader. Bucy (2004) defines these two distinct kinds of interactivity as user-to-system interactivity and user-to-user interactivity. Similarly, Chung (2008) divides interactivity into human interactivity and medium interactivity. Forums and chat rooms are examples of human / user-to-user interactivity, whereas using the navigation tools is an example of medium / user-to-system interactivity. Bucy (2004) includes customization to user-to-system interactivity. Chung (2008) points to the fact that these different types of interactivity attract different types of audiences; therefore having multiple interactive elements is a good approach for newspapers.
For e-newspapers, interactive elements provide a competitive advantage by inviting readers to the page, keeping them there for a longer period of time, and making them return at a later time (Bucy, 2004). Readers, on the other hand, enjoy interactivity because of the freedom to filter the news according to their own interests and the opportunity to evaluate and give feedback on the stories, which creates a feeling of empowerment (Spyridou & Veglis, 2008). In contrast, journalists might have a different standing. According to Domingo (2008), the very basic of interactive elements which give power to the audience to voice their opinion does not fit in the basics of journalism, where the expertise is the source of reliability. Domingo’s study (2008) shows that journalists and news creators generally see participation as a problem rather than one part of the news creation.
The ability of interactive elements to give voice to ordinary people and to connect them to one another is clearly an empowering factor. However, customization, which is cherished as another empowering novelty brings some questions. Unlike user-to-user (or human) interactivity, customization as user-to-system interactivity might serve in isolating individuals rather than connecting them. Schoenbach (2007) points to the fact that the ability to select and filter the news in the way that one wishes does not necessarily empower the individual or the society. Rather, it enlarges the gap between those who are actively participating and interested in the policies and events surrounding them and those who are not.
An overview of the history and current state of e-newspapers in regards to design, interactivity and content reveals that they are at the beginning of their life as a medium. In regards to their design, e-newspapers have not yet found a balance between the freedom and guidance they offer to their readers, as well as their attractiveness and ease-to-use as an online product. A similar balance is needed between the levels of interactivity and editorial quality. The ability to provide fast and easy access to news is one of their largest advantages over print medium, but it also has to be in balance with credibility and editorial quality. Only then, can e-newspapers mature and offer a unique identity of their own.
Although their use is rapidly growing, considering the multidimensional maturing process, it is reasonable to expect that their impact in the news industry will be an evolutionary, rather than a revolutionary one.
Assignments
Present the history of e-newspapers briefly.
What are the main factors of print design?
What does the term ‘e-newspaper’ mean?
Tell about pros and cons of “e-newspapers”.
Discuss the interactive elements and customization.
What other empowering factors can you name, besides the ability of interactive elements to give voice to ordinary people and to connect them to one another?
What technologies are used to publish e-newspapers?
What is typical of e-newspapers today?
Do you agree that the ability to reach the news quickly might be considered more important than the presentation?
Summarize the text.