Текст 6

PLANT, ITS PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Plants are highly important sources of food for man. They supply us with food, clothing and many other things as well¹.Man’s progress has closely been connected with the cultivation of plants, as in order to grow plants² man had to settle down³ and to begin building homes.Many plants are being grown and used⁴ for many purposes. To have a knowledge⁵ of plant growth it is necessary to study the principal parts of the plant and their functions.

There are three principal parts of a plant: 1 – the root system: 2 – stems and leaves; 3 – the reproductive part made up⁶ of flowers, fruits and seeds.The roots grow downward into the soil and have two main functions – to absorb plant nutrients and water from the soil and to anchor the plant. As to⁷ stems and leaves, they are usually above the ground. The food used in growth⁸ by green plants is manufactured in the leaves from the raw materials taken from the soil and air. This process is known as photosynthesis.

The main functions of the stem are to support the leaves and to connect them with the roots.A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced. A seed consists of an embryo, a supply of food⁹ and one or more seed coats¹⁰ surrounding the young plant and its food supply.

All parts of a plant must be developed well and proportionally enough to function properly¹¹. If conditions for plant growth are bad, the plant will be too weak to develop its parts well.

Notes and Commentary.

1. as well - а також

2. as in order to grow plants - оскільки для вирощування рослин

3. had to settle down - мав перейти на осідлий спосіб життя

4. are being grown and used - вирощуються та використовуються

5. to have a knowledge - щоб отримати знання

6. made up - як(а) (ий) складається з

7. as to - що стосується

8. the food used in growth - харчування, яке використовується

9. a supply of food - запас харчування

10. seed coat - оболонка насіння

11. to function properly - щоб вірно функціонувати

Завдання до тексту 6

1. Знайдіть в тексті англійські еквіваленти наступних слів та словосполучень:

рослина, вирощування, ріст, корінь, стебло, насіння, грунт, поживні речовини, фотосинтез, ембріон, пропорційно.

2. Закінчіть речення відповідним варіантом з правої колонки.

1. Plants supply us with ...	1. …the principal parts of a plant
2. The root system, stem and leaves and reproductive part are …	2. …is one of the main functions of a root.
3. To absorb plant nutrients and water from the soil…	3. …food, clothes and many other things.
4. To support the leaves and connect them with the roots is …	4. …a flower.
5. Seeds are produced in …	5. …the main function of a stem.

3. Виберіть правильний варіант:

1. The roots grow … in to the soil.

   1. downwards c) leftwards

   2. upwards d) rightwards

2. …are usually above the ground.

   1. stems and roots c) stems and seeds

   2. stems and leaves d) stems and soil

3. A seed consists of … .

   1. an embrio and a seed-coat c) an embrio and a flower

   2. an embrio and a root d) an embrio and a leave.