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Текст 7

SOIL

During his existence on the Earth man has depended upon the soil, either directly or indirectly1. Soil is the only source for the production of raw materials used by us for food and clothing. The growth and development of all cultivated plants2 is greatly dependent on the fertility of the soil.

Grains, fruits and vegetables are food products obtained by man directly from the soil. Domestic animals consume grain and forage produced by the soil and in their turn3 supply us with meat, milk, eggs, and other products used for human food. They supply us with wool and leather for the manufacture of clothing as well.

Soils vary in a number of characteristics. Some soils are rich in all kinds of food required by plant; some are rich in certain elements but deficient in others. All agricultural soils contain some organic matter mixed in different proportions with the mineral one. Fragments of all kinds of minerals and rocks as well as the remains of all the plants and animals may be found in the soil and make a home4 for plant development.

Plants require favourable soil and climate conditions. These are a continuos supply of water, plant feed, heat, light and air. In respect of5 texture and also age, soils can be subdivided into fine sandy soil, sandy soil, loam soil, sandy -loam soil, silt – loam soil, shale – loam soil, muck soil, podzol soil, limy soil, solonets soil, chernozem (black earth soil), brown soil, red soil.

In his management of the soil the farmer may do much to regulate the supply of water and organic matter. One of the most important tasks is the proper management and preservation of the soil6.

Notes and Commentary

1. either directly or indirectly - прямо чи опосередковано.

2. cultivated plants - культурні рослини

3. in their turn - в свою чергу

4. make a home- слугують середовищем.

5. in respect of - що стосується

6. the proper management and of the soil - правильна обробка та збереження грунту

Завдання до тексту 7

  1. Знайдіть в тексті англійські еквіваленти наступних слів та словосполучень

грунт, плодючість, зернові, фураж, органічна речовина, мінерали, кліматичні умови, суглинистий грунт, піщаний грунт.

  1. Закінчіть речення відповідними варіантами з правої колонки.

  1. Food products obtained directly from the soil are…

  2. Some organic matter mixed with the mineral one is…

  3. Favourable climatic and soil conditions…

  4. Soils are subdivided in respect of...

  5. A farmer can regulate…

1…the main components of soil.

2… vegetables and grains.

3… texture and age.

4… the supply of mater and organic mater.

5… the main requirements for plant growing.

  1. Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. Man always depends on

a. soil c. cars

b. animals d. people

2. The growth of cultivated plants depends on…(is dependent)

a. men c. animals

b. soil fertility d. animals

3. Soils may be … in food required by plant.

a. rich or decision c. rich or deficient

b. rich or delicious d. rich or deductive