1.Answer the questions.

1.Why was a tween-decker cargo ship chartered for a voyage from West Africa?

2.How were the logs floated in these regions.

3.What way did a gang of stevedores commence loading the vessel?

4.Why didn’t the master receive all information on the quantity and types of logs to be shipped?

5.Why wasn’t any communication among the stevedores and the ship’s crew?

6.What was the reason that the charterer ’s port captain after the initial visit at the first loading port didn’t give any advice to the vessel?

7.What data didn’t the ship’s crew realise?

8.What fact were they unaware of?

9.What factors will affect the stowage factor of the vessel?

10.What did a revised stability calculation show?

11.What happened when the master refused load these containers?

12.Why were two empty double-bottom fuel tanks fitted with sea water?

2. Explain the expressions in bold using English equivalents.

1.A tween-decker cargo ship;

2.packaged sawn timber and plywood;

3.the hatch covers;

4.were marshalled by small tugs;

5.capacity of the ship’s cargo gear;

6.winchmen, signalmen and tallymen;

7.inland hauliers, stockyards up-river and shippers;

8.the stowage factors;

9.“dry timber”;

10.prepared a rudimentary stowage plan and stability condition;

11.a “surcharge” or extra weight;

12.caused by water absorption;

13.the holds were duly filled with logs;

14.excess deadweight from daily draught surveys;

15. all double-bottom (DB) tanks were pressed up with sea water ballast.

3. Decide if these statements are true (t) or false (f).Correct the wrong ones.

1.A tween-decker cargo ship chartered for a voyage from West Africa to load a mixture of logs in the lower holds and plywood.

2.As is common in this regions, the logs were floated down-river in the form of large rafts.

3.A gang of stevedores commenced loading the vessel, depending on the weight of the logs and capacity of the ship’s cargo gear.

4.The chief officer received very scant information on the quantity and types of logs to be shipped.

5.The stevedores could not communicate in English and ship’s crew could not understand their rudimentary French and local dialect.

6.The ship’s crew accepted the stowage factors as stated in the list, not realising that the data was only for “dry timber” and accordingly prepared a rudimentary stowage plan and stability condition.

7.Such surcharge can sometimes be 35 per cent in excess of manifested cargo plan.

8.The holds were duly filled with logs and the vessel berthed at a wharf to discharge the sawn timber and plywood.

9.It was at this time late stage that the master noted excess deadweight from daily draught surveys.

4.Choose the factors which could affect the stowage factor and stability condition of the tween-decker cargo ship.

1.A mixture of logs in the lower holds, packaged sawn timber and plywood in the tween decks and several containers of coffee cocoa beans on the hatch covers, loaded on board the vessel.

2..Unskilled work of a gang of stevedores.

3.Very scant information on the quantity and types of logs to be shipped received by the master of the vessel.

4.Nonexistent or unreliable communications the forestry plantations in the interior, inland hauliers, stockyards up-river and shippers.

5.Lack of knowledge of the English language of the stevedores and the ship’s crew’s misunderstanding the rudimentary French and local dialect.

6.The ship’s crew’s lack detailed knowledge about the trade and the nuances of timber loading in West Africa.

7.The ship’s crew accepted the stowage factors as stated in the list, not realising that the data was only for “dry timber”.

8.The master’s refusal to load the containers on board ship.

5. Give English equivalents to the following abbreviations. DB , IMO

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