1.2.4. Order

The category of order is built up by two forms: the form and the non-perfect form, p tc!

The perfect form presents events as prior to aiiotli situation or a certain time' non-perfect form does not show th' ^ He spoke of the books he read with pleasure He spoke of the books he had read with pleasur-

1.2.5.0. Voice Voice is the grammatical category of the verb which shows the relation between the doer of the action and the action, or the object and the addressee of the action and the action.

Peter wrote a letter to Man

Doer action object addressee passive voice. The verb is used in the active voice when the subject, the sentence denotes the doer of the action, the action proceed from the subject.

Peter wrote a letter to Mary.

The verb will be used in the passive voice then the subject of the sentence denotes the object or the addressee of the action.

A letter was sent to her.

She was sent a letter.

1.2.5.1.There are two main types of passive constructions in English: the non-prepositional passive construction and the preposition construction.

The non-prepositional passive construction is formed by verbs for which a prepositional object is not obligatory ("love", "do", "invite, "make -"read", etc.). The subject of the sentence in this case corresponds the direct object of the active construction (if it denotes the object of direct object of the action) or the indirect object of the active construction (if it denotes the addressee of the action).

He sent her a letter. (active construction)

A letter was sent to her. (direct passive)

She was sent a letter. (indirect passive)

The prepositional passive construction will be formed from verbs for which a prepositional object is obligatory (“call upon”, “look at”, “insist on”, etc.). The object of the passive construction in this case will correspond to the prepositional object of the active construction.

He was called upon. = They called upon him.

1.2.6.0. Mood

There are three moods in English; the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood, the subjunctive mood and the imperative mood. The indicative mood is used to present the event as a fact, the subjunctive - as something problematic or even contrary to fact, the imperative - as an urge.

I know that you write such things in your notebook, (indicative)

I wish you wrote such things in your notebook. (subjunctive)

It is necessary that you should write such things in you notebook. (subjunctive)

Write it in your notebook. (imperative)

1.2.6.1. There are four principal forms of the subjunctive mood in English;

I. I/he .should go; I/he should be present

II. I/he go; I/he be present

III. I should/would go; I should/would be present;

He would go; he would be present

IV. I/he went; I/he were present

The main difference between Subjunctive forms I and II and Subjunctive forms III and IV is the degree of probability. Subjunctive forms I and II are used to present events as probable, though problematic. Subjunctive forms III and IV present them as purely imaginary or contrary to fact.

Subjunctive. It is necessary that you should write (write) forms I and II in your notebook, (the event is possible, possibly you will do it)

Subjunctive forms III and IV. I wish you wrote it in your notebook. You would write it in your notebook if you could. (the event is presented as imaginary or contrary to fact (evidently, I do not expect such events to take place)).

1.3.0. Syntactical Characteristics.

The verb is generally used in the sentence as part of large syntactical unit. The finite form of the notional verb is practically always combined with some other part of speech, in fact any but another finite form of the verb, to which it stands in predicate relations.

The verb may be modified by other parts of speech (single words, phrases or constructions) standing to it in objective or adverbial relations.

The semi-notional verbs are always used in combination other words: modal verbs - in combination with infinitives, aspective verbs - with gerunds and infinitives, link verbs - with different parts of speech functioning as predicatives.

The auxiliary verbs are always used as part of an analytics verb form.

The finite forms of the verb are always used in the sentence as redicate or part of a predicative (simple or compound). He can write a letter. (compound modal verbal predicate)

He writes letters. (simple predicate)

He began to write a letter. (compound aspective verbal predicate) He is a writer. (compound nominal predicate)

B. Non-Finite Forms