1. Answer the following questions. Add 2-3 questions of your own. Use the answers to make up the summary of the text.

1. What is advertising?

2. Where does the word come from?

3. What is meant by informative advertising?

4. Why is persuasive advertising criticised?

5. What is subliminal advertising?

6. What should be done to counter a fall in sales?

7. How do national newspapers benefit from advertising?

8. How can window-dressing be seen as a form of advertising?

9. How does advertising help the workforce?

10. Why is it expensive to hold stocks unnecessarily?

11. ….

2. Find in the text above the sentences with the following phrases. Work out their meaning. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) to soak up the surplus goods

2) to sag (about demand)

3) to lay off

4) to derive from

Use your dictionary to check it up. Memorise the prepositions they are used with.

3. Find in the 9^th paragraph of the text above the sentence with by + -ing and transform it without changing the meaning. Translate both versions.

4. Complete the following sentences using the model by + gerund (-ing) and then translate them.

1. Advertising can help a business by… .

2. If you have goods or services to sell do it by … .

3. How can trading be carried on by…?

4. The agency’s managers will be able to develop an advertising strategy for their clients by … .

5. A business may generate and control the product of its advertisements by … .

5. Match the two halves of the sentences. Analyse their structure and identify those where the infinitive structure can be replaced by the in order to structure. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) Advertising can be seen as the means to	a) remind the public of the name of the product
2) A jingle is a short tune to	b) communicate between those with goods and services to sell and those who might benefit from those goods and services.
3) Ego bait is intended to	c) which the advertising message of a television or radio commercial is sung.
4) some firms spend large sums of money on advertising to	d) flatter the target audience by pandering to their self image and making them more receptive to the advertising message.
5) A hoarding is a site for poster advertising which some firms use to	e) substantially reduce the cost of the goods to the consumers.
6) If money were not spent on advertising it would give manufacturers the opportunity to	f) attract the attention of people such as pedestrians and motorists.

6. Work in pairs. One of you retells the text by small portions, the other works as an interpreter. Take turns.

7. Translate the 5th paragraph of the text. Compare your translation with your partner’s. Seek the best version.

8. Now with your books closed translate your Ukrainian text back into English. Compare your translation with the original. Analyse your mistakes.

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