Religions and Denominations
Christianity
Catholicism (Roman Catholicism)
a catholic
Protestantism
a Protestant
Orthodox Church
Islam
a muslim (a moslem)
Hinduism
a Hindu
Buddhism
a Buddhist
Judaism
a Jew
Shinto, Shintoism
Mormonism
a Mormon
Shamanism
fundamentalism
sect
denomination
христианство
католицизм
католик
протестантизм
протестант
православная церковь
ислам
мусульманин
индуизм
индус
буддизм
буддист
иудаизм
иудей, еврей
синто, синтоизм
мормонизм
мормон
шаманизм
фундаментализм
секта
вероисповедание
Sacred Writings
holy books the Scriptures / the Holy Scripture Genesis
the Bible / the Book the Veda(s) the Koran Sharia
Torah
Talmud
to prescribe Ten Commandments Eightfold Path of Buddha Five Pillars of Islam
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священные книги Священное Писание Книга Бытия, первая книга Ветхого Завета Библия веда (веды), священные книги индусов Коран шариат, свод мусульманских правовых и теологических нормативов Тора, Пятикнижие, первые 5 книг Библии Талмуд, собрание религиозно-этических и правовых положений иудаизма учить десять заповедей Великий путь Будды Пять столпов ислама
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Practicing Religion
practice religion to realize righteousness
parish parishioner priest minister
congregation
service / liturgy ritual / rite to pray prayer sermon confession communion to worship taboo to fast Lent, fast fasting Christmas Easter Holy Week
Ramadan Holy places pilgrim pilgrimage |
соблюдать религиозные обряды жить в соответствии с заповедями, нормами вероучения приход прихожанин священник пастор, священник протестантской церкви сообщество единоверцев, приход католической церкви церковная служба обряд молиться молитва проповедь исповедь причастие поклоняться, почитать запрет соблюдать пост великий пост, пост соблюдение поста Рождество Пасха Страстная неделя, последняя неделя перед Пасхой Рамадан, пост у мусульман святые места паломник паломничество |
Some Religious Symbols and Notions
God (Almighty) Lord Allah Messiah prophet deity Good and Evil virtue (mortal) sin (to sin) sinner fallen woman (man) Heaven / Paradise Eden Garden of Eden Hell afterlife better world incarnation the incarnate Son of God reincarnation Crucifix to be crucified eternal life Nirvana the (Holy) Trinity (God Father, Son of God, Holy Spirit (Ghost)
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Бог (всемогущий) обращение к Богу в молитвах Аллах мессия пророк божество добро и зло добродетель (смертный) грех (грешить) грешник падшая женщина (человек) рай райские кущи ад загробная жизнь лучший мир воплощение живой (во плоти) сын Бога новое воплощение распятие быть распятым вечная жизнь, бессмертие нирвана святая троица: Отец, Сын, Святой Дух |
Task 1. Match up the word and the definition.
1. communion |
a) a collection of writings that is regarded as sacred in a particular religion |
2. fundamentalism |
b) catholics who regularly attend a church |
3. Scripture |
c) restraining from eating all or certain foods for a religious reason |
4. the Vedas |
d) speaking to the God that one believes in |
5. the Koran |
e) the belief in an old and literal, sometimes extreme form of a religion as set out in holy books |
6. congregation |
f) the ancient sacred literature of Hinduism |
7. parish |
g) an area which has its own church including the priest and people who live there and attend the church |
8. lent |
h) a particular form of religious service |
9. liturgy |
i) a church rite or ceremony during a Christian church service at which people eat bread and drink wine |
10. prayer |
j) the sacred book of the Muslims, containing revelations made to Muhammad by Allah |
11. minister |
k) a clergyman in a Protestant church |
12. Messiah |
l) the belief that after death the soul of a person passes into the body of another living creature |
13. reincarnation |
m) in Christianity the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit in one God |
14. prophet |
n) in Hindu and Buddhist religions the ultimate state of spiritual enlightenment |
15. The Trinity (The Holy Trinity) |
o) a person who is believed to be chosen by God to say what God wants to say to people |
16. Nirvana |
p) a person who promises to rescue and succeeds in rescuing people from very difficult situations |
Task 2. Explain to which categories the following words belong.
Words |
Categories |
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Task 3. Find in the second column synonyms for the words in the first.
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Task 4. Continue the following sentences and invite your classmates to make possible additions.
The main religions in the world are Christianity …
People who are called believers have religious convictions and believe in …
Believers practice religion by …
Religious teachings are based on the holy books, such as …
The reward for or the aim of realizing righteousness, that is living a righteous life, is …
According to Christianity, Christ was …
Realizing righteousness means strictly observing the rules set in …
According to Islam, Muhammad was …
Church-goers who habitually attend the same church and meet with the same priest are …
The period of time when people observe special eating rules is called …
UNIT 1.
RELIGION: ITS HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
TEXT 1
Religion. Basic Notions.
R
eligion
—sometimes used interchangeably with faith
or belief
system—is
commonly defined as belief
concerning the supernatural,
sacred,
or divine,
and the moral
codes,
practices, values, institutions and rituals associated with such
belief. In its broadest sense some have defined it as the sum total
of answers given to explain humankind's relationship with the
universe. In the course of the development
of religion,
it has taken many forms in various cultures and individuals.
Occasionally, the word "religion" is used to designate what
should be more properly described as "organized religion" –
that is, an organization of people supporting the exercise of some
religion, often taking the form of a legal
entity.
There are many different religions in the world today.
Various religious symbols