V. Give the correct translation of the underlined part.

1. The “Pythagorean property”: c² =a² + b² was known prior to the time of Pythagoras.

a) преимущественно b) главный

c) преимущественный d)основной

2. The deductive aspect of geometry was exploited and advanced considerably in the work of the Pythagoreans.

a) использует b) используется

c) использовался d) использовал

3. The mysticism of this celebrated school aroused the suspicion.

a) прославленная b) прославляла

c) прославляет d) отмеченная

4. They proved that fundamental theorems of plane and solid geometry were known to them.

a) доказали                                                  b) были доказаны

c) доказывались                                         d) доказанные

5. The mysticism of the celebrated school aroused suspicion of the people.

a) вызывает                                                 b) вызвало

c) был вызван d) вызванный

Text 14. Four Basic Operations of Arithmetic

There are 4 basic operations of arithmetic that all of you know. They are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

In the operation of addition the numbers with which you work are addends or summands. The number that you get as a result of this operation is the sum.

In subtraction the number which you diminish is the minuend. The number which you subtract is the subtrahend. The answer is the difference between the minuend and subtrahend. It is the remainder.

In multiplication the number which you multiply is the multiplicand. The number by which you multiply is the multiplier. The number resulting from the multiplication is the product. Multiplying any number by zero you get zero. Multiplying any number by 1 you get the same number.

In division the number which you divide is the divisor. But we never divide by zero. If we divide zero we always get zero. The result of the operation of division is the quotient. If there is a remainder after division of any number you write it over the divisor and express as a fraction in the quotient.

1. Answer the following questions to the text:

1. What are the 4 basic operations of arithmetic do you know?

2. How is the result of addition called?

3. What is the remainder?

4. What number do you get multiplying any number by 1?

5. Can we divide by zero?

6. What is the quotient?

2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Числа, которые мы складываем, - это слагаемые, а результат сложения – это сумма.

2. Вычитание – это действие, при котором мы вычитаем одно число из другого.

3. Число, которое мы вычитаем, - это вычитаемое, а число, которое мы уменьшаем, - это уменьшаемое. Разность между уменьшаемым и вычитаемым – это остаток.

4. Результат умножения – это произведение.

5. Число, которое мы делим, - это делимое, а число, на которое мы делим, - это делитель. Ответ – это частное.

Text 15. Microsoft.

It is strange to think that one of the richest and most powerful businesses in the world is only 35 years old.

Early in 1975 Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen, both undergraduates at Harvard University, ordered a “personal computer” called the “MITS Altair 600” from Popular Electronics magazine. When arrived they had to assemble the different parts and try to make it work.

In less than one month, Bill and Paul had written their first computer language, BASIC, and sold it to the manufacturer MITS. One month later, Paul Allen was appointed Director of Software at MITS.

Bill Gates and Paul Allen formed a partnership under the name Microsoft.

By July 1975, they had already developed version 2.0 of their BASIC software. Two years later, Microsoft published its second computer language which was called FORTRAN -80.

For the next few years Microsoft produced further computer languages including COBOL and Pascal, but their big breakthrough came in 1981 with Microsoft MS-DOS. In 1983 we saw the first Microsoft word processing program, Microsoft Word. In the same year Microsoft announced Windows, an extension of MS-DOS which provided a graphical “point and click” operating environment.

Even though the early version of Windows didn’t work very well, most computer users were happy with MS-DOS. By 1985 Microsoft was celebrating its tenth anniversary and annual sales of $ 140 million.

The following year Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet package for Windows was published. Over the following years Microsoft continued to grow. By 1993 10 million people around the world were using Microsoft Word in its various versions.

Many people in the computer world have pointed out that Microsoft has never been a great innovator in softwares. Most of their best products have been developed from ideas created by others. The success of the company, they say, has been based on the public’s need to use common software and Microsoft has to frequently defend its business practices in the US courts.