- •Read and translate the text the art of buiding
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text structural performance and requirements
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text evaluation methodology
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text dimensional stability
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text how to select building materials that resist moisture
- •Moisture-Resistant Flooring Materials
- •Moisture-Resistant Wall Materials
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text fire resistant building material
- •Characteristics of fire fighting/resistant materials:
- •Concrete:
- •Timber:
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text five most common thermal insulation materials
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text building insulation materials
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and translate the text protection of buildings from subterranean termites
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •Unit 10
- •1. Read and translate the text durability of building materials
- •Answer the following questions.
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •Unit 11
- •1. Read and translate the text security for the whole building
- •Burglar-resistant fittings
- •Protective glass
- •More components for added security for windows and doors
- •Unit 12
- •1. Read and translate the text lighting and ventilation requirements
- •Unit 13
- •1. Read and translate the text lightining and ventilation
- •Unit 14
- •Read and translate the text comfort and conveniences Why comfortable flooring is so important
- •Comfort and health
- •Heating and cooling
- •Comfort versus convenience
- •Appendix 1 the list of the most popular building materials
- •Appendix 2 additional bilingual material for reading
- •Appendix 3 glossary of building terms and notions
- •3.1 General terms which are connected with General building objects requirements
- •3.1.1 Будівельні вироби
- •Construction products
- •Normal preventive maintenance
- •3.1.5 Призначене використання (призначення)
- •Intending use
- •3.1.6 Економічно обґрунтований термін експлуатації
- •Economically reasonable working life
- •General terms which are connected with General requirement of “mechanical strength and stability”
- •General terms which are connected with General requirement of “fire security”
- •Emergency power supply
4. Give the English equivalents to the given word-combinations:
-
структурні характеристики і вимоги
накладені або додаткові гравітаційні навантаження
ударні навантаження і вітрові навантаження
горизонтальний опір навантаження
можливість закріпити дах
прикріплений до стіни
вантажопідйомності
внутрішні та зовнішні стіни
структурний аспект основ
заходи, які можуть бути використані для оцінки
5. Translate into English:
В Національних будівельних нормах і правилах сказано, що будь-який будинок повинен безпечно витримувати не тільки вагу своєїх компонентів з відповідним запасом міцності і стабільності, а й накладені або додаткові гравітаційні навантаження та інші сили.
При будівництві основи враховують фактори, які можуть діяти на стіни і дах будівлі, такі, як ударні навантаження і вітрові навантаження - знову ж таки, з достатнім запасом міцність і стійкість.
Дані критерії ввідносяться до заходів, які можуть бути використані для оцінки того, що продуктивність будівлі, у відповідності з різними навантаженнями, є адекватною.
Основними властивостями, що підлягають оцінці стіни є міцність зв'язків і взаємодії між внутрішніми і зовнішніми стінами і між дахом та стійкість до випадкових навантажень - м'які і тверді предмети впливу.
Властивості основи та стіни вважаються дуже важливими факторами впливу, і тому потребують ретельного планування та оцінки, які описані та підтвердженні в міжнародних документах, згідно найновіших правил та вимог.
Unit 3
1. Read and translate the text evaluation methodology
The evaluation procedures and tests are intended to establish whether the general requirements for buildings will be met and whether the performance meets the criteria set. The mechanical properties of walling constructed by means of building systems are often not amenable to mathematical analyses, at least not in an efficient manner. Thus testing may be essential to correctly evaluate building systems.
A variety of tests are described in detail in this section. It is the task of the evaluating agency to determine which of these tests would be relevant for the assessment of any particular building system.
Developers of building systems may wish to use certain of the tests to help them in the development of the building system. However, Agrement South Africa may require different tests for the technical assessment.
Where a system is to be used for one building layout only, subject to strict limitation in the certificate, it may not be necessary to test separate wall panels, if the test structure performance alone is likely to provide enough data for an assessment. Where a range of building plans are to be covered in the certificate, especially if some configurations are not defined specifically, then tests such as those to determine the horizontal load resistance and racking tests will be needed to draw up essential design requirements
In this context it is appropriate to set out the responsibilities of professional engineers involved with the structural design of the building system.
The professional engineer prepares a rational design that:
will ensure the structural integrity of the entire building
adheres to the construction details within the Agrement certificate.
The rational design covers all aspects of the works that may be affected by the structural design.
The professional engineer monitors those aspects of the works that are covered by the rational design, to verify that the design is being correctly interpreted and that the construction techniques that are being used are appropriate to the structural stability of the subject.
The professional engineer takes full professional responsibility for the rational design.
All other aspects of the works are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Agrement certificate.
Key words: evaluation methodology, general requirements, analysis, testing, essential design requirements, building system, construction techniques.
