- •Unit 1
- •1. Read the text, translate it into Russian. At the dental polyclinic
- •Vocabulary Extension
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Rooms
- •3. Chairs
- •4. Dental and Medical Specialists
- •3. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •4. Find word-partnerships and translate them into Russian.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the clues:
- •9. Answer the questions to the text.
- •10. Study the following.
- •11. Read and translate the text. Pick out and analyze the ing-forms. Make an abstract of the article using the following phrases:
- •1. Read and translate the text. The dentist
- •3. Pronounce the proper names.
- •8. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
- •10. Choose the correct form (the ing-form or Participle II).
- •The historic background of dentistry
- •1. Derive the meaning of the following international words.
- •2. Study the following.
- •3. Pick out all the ing-forms and Participles II from the text. State their
- •4. Translate into English using the words from the text. Pay attention to the use of the subordinate clauses.
- •5. Supply the prepositions if necessary.
- •6. Imagine that you are going to make up an aptitude test for a prospective dentist. What items would you include to estimate a person's aptitude. Give your reasons.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Derive the meaning of the international words.
- •3. Choose the sentence which describes the gist of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs best of all. Give your reasons.
- •Instruments
- •9. Speak about:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of combinations.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Say what specialist do you have to see if you have one of the following defects or diseases:
- •5. Speak about a patient's complaints and sufferings according to the following plan:
- •7. Describe stomatological sciences matching a word in the 1st column with a
- •10. Translate the sentences into Russian. Find the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
- •11. Replace the ing-form by the infinitive constructions.
- •1. Match the word-combinations in the 1st column with the phrases in the 2nd to describe the duties of the staff of a dental polyclinic.
- •2. Match the words and word-combinations in the three columns to say where these actions are performed.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •6. Read and translate the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Suggest a title for each paragraph. Give your reasons for it.
- •8. Choose the -ing-form or the infinitive.
- •1. Study the following.
- •2. Use the word-combinations given below to speak about:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Speak on:
- •9. Describe the dental services using the words given below.
- •10. Speak about:
- •11. Fill in the missing words in the required form:
- •Caries and its treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the English words.
- •3. Study the following words.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Match the opposites.
- •6. Fill in the prepositions.
- •The process of root canal treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words:
- •4. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Find the infinitive constructions in the text, state their functions.
- •Make up a list of verbs and word-combinations denoting the actions carried out by a dentist performing root canal treatment. Say what the aim of each action is.
- •7. Choose the word which suits best.
- •8. Choose the correct tense-form (active or passive).
- •9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •What are the main procedures of root canal treatment? What instruments do these actions involve?
- •Make an abstract of the text about root canal treatment using phrases:
oncologist
roentgenologist
physician
6. Read and translate the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Suggest a title for each paragraph. Give your reasons for it.
Gum disease starts as a simple inflammation, and if neglected, can eventually destroy the bone that supports the teeth in the jaws. Don't be misled: although infection is present, there is seldom any pain. In the first stage of gum disease, inflammation and some bleeding of the gums occur. An advanced form of gum disease is periodontitis, which to the eye resembles gingivitis, except that some loss of bone has occurred. Bone loss in this stage can be detected only with the help of an x-ray. Gum disease is caused by plague, a thin, sticky film that forms daily on the teeth. If it is not removed by daily brushing and flossing, food particles and many kinds of bacteria mixed with the plague will cause gum disease.
Say which of these sentences describe best the gist of the 1s, 2n, and 3d paragraphs. Why?
The description of gum disease.
The consequences of gum disease.
The spread of gum disease.
The stages of gum disease.
The signs of gum disease.
d) The advance of gum disease.
The prevention of gum disease.
The role of daily brushing.
The cause of gum disease.
Make an abstract of the article using the phrases:
This article deals with...
It is pointed out that...
It is stressed that.
It should be remembered that...
There is no doubt that...
The following conclusions are drawn.
Translate the Russian sentences into English using the structures need doing,
be worth doing.
1. Ваши зубы нужно лечить. 2. Это лекарство стоит купить. 3. Нервную ткань нужно удалить. 3. Внутреннюю полость (the inside) зуба нужно очистить. 4. Сломанному зубу нужно придать первоначальную форму (to restore to its original shape). 5. Необходимо сделать слепок/оттиск с зуба (to make an impression of). 6. У этого дантиста стоит получить консультацию. 7. Протезы нужно тщательно отполировать. 8. Ваши зубы необходимо отбелить. 9. Эту информацию стоит принять к сведению. 10. Внутреннюю полость зуба необходимо очистить. 11. Не стоит принимать это лекарство. У него много побочных эффектов (side effects). 12. Мал окклюзию нужно исправить. 13. Медицинскую карту нужно заполнить. 14. Остатки лекарства нужно удалить (to remove).
8. Choose the -ing-form or the infinitive.
1. Until your dentist tells you otherwise you should avoid (to chew, chewing) on the tooth. 2. To place a post, a dentist will first use a drill (to remove, removing) some of the filling material which was placed during the treatment. 3. (To know,
knowing) as much as possible about not just your tooth but you personally will help the dentist know how (to treat, treating) you more effectively. 4. The bleeding can usually be controlled by (to place, placing) a piece of a moist clean gauze over the empty tooth socket and then (to bite, biting) firmly on this gauze for 45 minutes. 5. Avoid (to rinse, rinsing) during the first 24 hours after your tooth extraction. 6. The pulp chamber needs (to clean out, cleaning out). 7. My dentist suggested such treatments as artificial saliva or sugar-free candy (to stimulate, stimulating) my saliva. 8. The dentist prescribed fluoride therapy and told me (to avoid, avoiding) sugary foods and drinks. 9. Your gums often recede as you age, (to expose, exposing) the root and (to make, making) root caries more likely. 10. My dentist recommended (to replace, replacing) my toothbrush every 3 to 4 months. 11. Bacteria are incredibly small organisms and it doesn't take much space for them (to find, finding) a home.
ORAL HYGIENE