- •Unit 1
- •1. Read the text, translate it into Russian. At the dental polyclinic
- •Vocabulary Extension
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Rooms
- •3. Chairs
- •4. Dental and Medical Specialists
- •3. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •4. Find word-partnerships and translate them into Russian.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the clues:
- •9. Answer the questions to the text.
- •10. Study the following.
- •11. Read and translate the text. Pick out and analyze the ing-forms. Make an abstract of the article using the following phrases:
- •1. Read and translate the text. The dentist
- •3. Pronounce the proper names.
- •8. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
- •10. Choose the correct form (the ing-form or Participle II).
- •The historic background of dentistry
- •1. Derive the meaning of the following international words.
- •2. Study the following.
- •3. Pick out all the ing-forms and Participles II from the text. State their
- •4. Translate into English using the words from the text. Pay attention to the use of the subordinate clauses.
- •5. Supply the prepositions if necessary.
- •6. Imagine that you are going to make up an aptitude test for a prospective dentist. What items would you include to estimate a person's aptitude. Give your reasons.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •2. Study the following.
- •1. Derive the meaning of the international words.
- •3. Choose the sentence which describes the gist of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs best of all. Give your reasons.
- •Instruments
- •9. Speak about:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of combinations.
- •3. Match the words with their definitions.
- •4. Say what specialist do you have to see if you have one of the following defects or diseases:
- •5. Speak about a patient's complaints and sufferings according to the following plan:
- •7. Describe stomatological sciences matching a word in the 1st column with a
- •10. Translate the sentences into Russian. Find the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
- •11. Replace the ing-form by the infinitive constructions.
- •1. Match the word-combinations in the 1st column with the phrases in the 2nd to describe the duties of the staff of a dental polyclinic.
- •2. Match the words and word-combinations in the three columns to say where these actions are performed.
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •6. Read and translate the text. Divide it into paragraphs. Suggest a title for each paragraph. Give your reasons for it.
- •8. Choose the -ing-form or the infinitive.
- •1. Study the following.
- •2. Use the word-combinations given below to speak about:
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Speak on:
- •9. Describe the dental services using the words given below.
- •10. Speak about:
- •11. Fill in the missing words in the required form:
- •Caries and its treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents of the English words.
- •3. Study the following words.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Match the opposites.
- •6. Fill in the prepositions.
- •The process of root canal treatment
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words:
- •4. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Find the infinitive constructions in the text, state their functions.
- •Make up a list of verbs and word-combinations denoting the actions carried out by a dentist performing root canal treatment. Say what the aim of each action is.
- •7. Choose the word which suits best.
- •8. Choose the correct tense-form (active or passive).
- •9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •What are the main procedures of root canal treatment? What instruments do these actions involve?
- •Make an abstract of the text about root canal treatment using phrases:
The process of root canal treatment
1. Read and translate the text.
As the process of root canal treatment is often a painful experience your dentist will numb up your tooth to make you feel more at ease and relaxed. After numbing your tooth but before beginning the actual process of performing the root canal treatment, your dentist will stretch a sheet of rubber or a rubber dam around your tooth. It is held in place by a small clamp which grasps onto your tooth. A rubber dam allows the dentist to keep your tooth dry so it doesn't get contaminated with bacteria living in saliva while your root canal treatment is being performed. Now your dentist must gain access to that area inside the tooth which needs to be cleaned. This is accomplished by using a dental drill and making an access hole which leads to the pulp chamber of the tooth. On back teeth this hole is made on the chewing surface of the tooth. On front teeth the access hole is made on the tooth's backside.
The next step of the root canal treatment is for your dentist to clean out the interior of your tooth. The bulk of the cleaning process is accomplished by way of your dentist using "root canal files". Your dentist will work a series of root canal files, each of increasing diameter, up and down in your tooth while simultaneously using a twisting motion. This action will scrape and scrub the sides of the tooth's root canals thus cleaning them out. Additionally. as part of the cleaning process your dentist will wash your tooth out periodically so to help flush away any debris which is present.
The goal is for your dentist to clean the entire length of the tooth's root canal, but not beyond. So to determine the length of a root canal your dentist may place a root canal file in your tooth and then take an x-ray, so to see if it extends the full length of the tooth or not.
Once the tooth has been thoroughly cleaned your dentist can fill in and seal up its interior by way of placing root canal filling material. Sometimes a dentist will want to place the filling material the same day that they have cleaned the tooth out. Other times a dentist might feel that it is best to wait about a week before completing the root canal process. In the latter case your dentist will place a temporary filling in your tooth so to keep contaminates out during the time period between your appointments.
The most common root canal filling material being used by dentist nowadays is a rubbery compound called gutta percha. It comes in preformed cones which are similar in size and shape to the files which have been used to clean out the inside of a tooth. Cones of gutta percha are coated with a root canal sealer (a paste) and then positioned into the tooth's root canals.
As an alternative to the use of preformed cones, sometimes a dentist will place the gutta percha via the use of gutta percha "gun". This apparatus is