CouLiOAbHi hc 8%

TeXHOreHHi

NpnpOaHi hc 35%.

HC

57%

2013

Transport accidents,

Fires and explosions, Accidents with emission of

²7

61

• Dangerous chemicals ,

• Radioactive matters ,

• Biological contaminants,

Building destruction,

Pipelines and networks accidents, hydrodynamic emergencies (dams, dikes) Other accidents

8

11

10

cation of emergencies over area o Red segments - Fires and explosions

raine

Чернігів

іТсрнопгії, v ч,

> ¹ * J Хмельницьким

Полтава

Луганськ

Вінниця

ювогра,

тнпропетровськ

,онець:

Житомир]

Микола!

Запоріжжя

Розподіл НС техногенного характеру за видами:

транспортні авари аварії з викидом (загрозою викиду) НХР пожежі та вибухи раптове зруйнування споруд аварії на системах життєзабезпечення

аварії у нафтогазовому комплексі

наявність у навколишньому

.Сімферополі

>10

авари на електроенергетичних систем

Кольорова насиченість карти

середовищі шкідливих речовин понад ГДК

The main causes of fire:

• Violation of fire prevention rules;

• careless behavior with fire;

• electrical equipment malfunction;

• accidents;

• natural phenomena.

Fire (conflagration) is an uncontrolled burning out of the special area, which brings moral and material losses and sometimes people victims.

Fire protection is complex of organizational and technical measures directed on people fire-safe maintenance, preventing of fire, fast and effective fire extinguishing.

The fire-safe is condition of an object in which, the probability of ignition and development of fire, fire dangerous factors action on people are very low and protection of material resources is ensured.

Process of burning is possible when th following factors are present:

Combustible materials are substances

capable to oxidize with heat and light radiation

Oxidizers are oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur and other substances capable under heating or impact to decompose extracting oxygen.

Ignition source is a sourse of heat or ambient temperature above the flash point (точка воспламенения).

1. Fire risk materials are materials and substances which by their properties cause the origin or development of fire.

2. Ignition is burning appearing under influence of ignition source.

3. Self- ignition is phenomenon of sharp increasing of velocity of exothermic reaction that results in substance burning.

Basic terms

4. Flash is fast burning of combustible mixture that is not followed by formation of compressed gases.

5. Explosion is fast substance transformations that is followed by extracting of energy and compressed gases formation.

6. Flash point (combustion temperature)

is the lowest temperature of the substance under which the stable flame burning appears.

divided into three combustibility groups,

• Inflammable is substance able to self-ignite and also ignite from the source of fire and continue burning without fire source.

• Hard-combustible is substance able to ignite on the air from the source of fire, but unable to keep burning after the fire source is taken off.

• Noncombustible is substance unable to burn in the air.

Main dangers for people death on fire are

• Smoke (CO, CO₂, NO_x, soot,...)

• Heat

• Flame

• Low oxygen concentration

• Explosions

• Building destruction

ructure of fire protection means:

• Passive fire protection - use of fire- resistance rated wall and floor that are used to limit the spread of fire

• Active fire protection - manual and automatic detection and suppression of fires, as in using and installing

a fire sprinkler system or detecting the fire and extinguishing it

• Education

eans of fire extinguishing

Primary means for fire extinguishing are.

• fire extinguisher;

• manual fire equipm<

They all are placed on the special board.