- •Interdisciplinary approach and connections
- •Areas and objects of safety
- •Information
- •Time Space
- •Combination
- •Individual risk of human death is 10-6
- •Self-study 2.1.
- •Vibration,...
- •Xgtreamflow
- •'Sustainable' development
- •Predicting earthquakes...
- •Vrancea
- •8 Баллов (6—6,9) — трещины на
- •Self-study 2.2.
- •Inverse barometer applied and seasonal signals removed.
- •Aviation and environment
- •Vibration,...
- •Inorganic
- •Weber-Fechner law
- •Visual system
- •Inner limiting f membrane '
- •Pupil зрачок
- •1. Binocularity provides
- •Aftersensation of the eye: 0,1...0,25 sec
- •Adaptation
- •Increased
- •Frequency, Hz
- •Industrial equipment
- •1. Nature of radioactivity. Ionizing radiation iRadiation is a form of energy I
- •Natural radioactivity (nr)
- •Can t penetrate the dead outer layer of skin
- •Tissue weighting factor
- •Sievert
- •Industrial detectors
- •Уранові провінції
- •Ар of 90Бг роПигіоп, 2006
- •The whole body
- •4. Radiation damai
- •Ions of ir
- •Indirect
- •4. Radiatio
- •Iological radiation effects
- •5. Radi Radiation safety principles Justification: no unnecessary use of radiation is permitted, the advantages must outweigh the disadvantages.
- •Limitation: Each individual must be protected against risks that are far too large through individual radiation dose limits.
- •Optimization: Radiation doses should all be kept as low as reasonably achievable.
- •5. Radi
- •2 Rescue breaths
- •If you have any doubt whether breathing is normal,
- •Interlock fingers & avoid putting pressure on the side of the chest
- •30 Chest
- •If victim starts to breathe normally place in recovery position
- •30 Chest compressions
- •2 Rescue breaths 30 compressions
- •1/3 Of the depth of the chest
- •6.2. First Aid for life threatening medical emergencies
- •If the scene is safe, enter the scene & give care
- •First aid for broken bone: splint -for transportation
- •Intensely painful, especially if you try to use the joint
- •Visibly out of place, discolored, or misshapen
- •CouLiOAbHi hc 8%
- •NpnpOaHi hc 35%.
- •Violation of fire prevention rules;
- •1. Water makes basic effect of extinguishing that's
- •Operating your extinguisher
- •1. Thermal, 2.Smoke, 3.Light and 4.Combined.
- •Fire Evacuation Procedures (1-3)
- •Fire Evacuation Procedures (4-5)
- •Fire Evacuation Procedures (6-8)
:
overall effect
tr
W
( )=i
r
r (x-ray) Wr
(a)= 20
Measure
SI
Unit or modifier
Derivation
D
gray
joule/Kg
Radiationweighting
factor
Dimensionless
factor
Equivalent
dose
H
=W*D
Ht=Wr
Dtr
sievert
joule/Kg
=overall
effect
%/>
-
S\%:
%
Dimensionless
factor
H=SWr
*Wt
*Dtr
joule/Kg
Tissue weighting factor
Sievert
ïatural (background radiation) ~8ö% 2-4 mSv/year
Cosmic
RadiationTerrestrial sources
Radon Rn > 50%
Potassium (40K )
Uranium U
Thorium Th
• Artificial (technogenic) radiation - 20%
medical procedures (chest X-ray - 0.1 mSv, Dental panoramic - 0.01 mSv)
past nuclear weapons testing
nuclear power
Industrial detectors
transportation, storage of radioactive sources
e
map of the terrestrial radioactivity in Ukraine
http://sky worlds, net/
(иївське.
Кчніїиь>
Черкаси-і ?
кременчуцьке
ужпород
Дніпропетровсі
Виявлені Потенційні
Українські
Карпати | | Кримсько-Причорноморська
Український
щит І І Території зі слабким
І І радіоактивним
фоном
Донецька
Вол
и нсько- Подільська
Межі
уранових провінцій # Уранові родовища
’~.
Аномалії концентрацій радону в ґрунтових
водах (100 еман, 37 000 Бк/м
Уранові провінції
Аномальні концентрації урану в підземних водах
ф Аномалії торію в кристалічних породах
% Родовища радонових вод
□□□□ 'ї
о. Зміїний (Украіаз]
[Сімферополь
UiMktaun
Uranium deposits
ain sources of the technogenic radiation hazard in Ukraine
^operating + 1 destroyed atomic power station (12 reactors)consequences of the radiation accident in Chernobyl: 75% area of Ukraine has higher then background concentrations of radioisotopes: Sr, Cs etc
2 scientific nuclear reactors in Kyiv and Sevastopol
development of uranium ore deposits in 2 regions
A lot of radiological equipment at medical institution, 85% of which is out of use,
overfilling of the radioactive waste storages
T
r|
cale
- INES
Chernobyl
disaster -1986
Fukushima
nuclear disaster - 2011
Incident Accident
International
Atomic
Energy
Agency
Major
Accident
Serious
Accident
Serious
Incident
Deviation
Incident Anomaly
onsequences
of the Chernobyl disaster, 1986
Over
350
000 people
were resettled1000 on-site reactor staff and emergency workers were heavily exposed to high-level radiation on the first day of the accident;
more than 200 000 emergency and recovery operation workers exposed during 1986-1987
150 disaster fighters died from radiation sickness
Over than 6000 children got cancer of thyroid body (щитовидная железа)
5 million people live within polluted area, which cause- high level of cancer diseases, genetic and somatic changes in Ukraine, Belorussia, Russia
3.
те
в
я
в
•
ЛЬВІВ
ТЕРНОПІЛЬ
ІВАНаФРАНКЩСЬК
УЖГОРОД
Коростень
ЖИТОМИР
ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКІЙ
^ВІННИЦЯ
►ЧЕРНІГІВ
7 ПОЛТАВА
фХАРків
. юровогрла
ІРОПЕТРОВСЬК
ЛУГАНСЬК
ЗАПОРІЖЖІ
• ДОНЕЦЬК
Суммарное загрязнение местности цезием-137
(глобальное + чернобыльское)
кБк/м2
ГМИКОЛАШ
Кц-км2
СЕВАСТОПОЛЬ
СІМФЕРОПОЛЬ
3.
те
“
