- •Письменный перевод для инженеров Technical English Translation
- •Тема 1. Лексические вопросы перевода
- •XXIV. Сравните оригинал и перевод. Определите трансформации, использованные при переводе: civil engineering
- •Railway construction
- •Machine building
- •Traffic management
- •Information systems and technologies
- •XXV. Определите уровни эквивалентности, опираясь на перевод:
- •Тема 2. Грамматические вопросы перевода
- •I. Define form and function of non-finite forms of the verb and translate the following sentences:
- •XXXV. Suggest Russian translation to English Idioms:
- •Analysis and translation of simple sentence
- •Sentence structure
- •II. Analyze and translate the following attributive phrases:
- •Analysis and translation of composite sentence
- •I. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
- •2. At the beginning of the century scientists succeeded in breaking the tiny nucleus of an atom by attacking it with even tinier particles propelled at enormous speeds.
- •3. The size of atoms varies, depending upon the number of electrons revolving around the nucleus.
- •4. Anything that destroys the hydrogen ion by combining with or destroying its positive charge is said to neutralize the acid.
- •5. We find the condenser to be, on the whole, two conductors separated by a dielectric medium or an insulating material.
- •6. The unit of heat is called a calorie, the word calorie coming from the latin word calor which means heat.
- •7. The most active metals combine directly with hydrogen when heated in its presence.
- •8. A steam turbine is known to operate by means ot heat which it derives from steam and which it converts into mechanical work.
- •9. An elastic body is one that tends to return to its original shape when the deforming force is removed.
- •10. In the processes taking place in a nuclear reactor leading to the release of atomic energy, it is only the atomic nuclei, which are involved while the electrons may be neglected.
- •11. A farad being too large a unit for practical use, a microfarad is generally employed for measuring capacity.
- •12. It should be kept in mind that molecules, atoms, and electrons are all so small that the most powerful microscope in the world is insufficient to reveal them.
- •13. Some of the oxides do not appear to react with water at all.
- •14. The atoms, which form the molecules, are, of course, smaller than the molecules, the electrons of which the atoms are composed being still smaller.
- •15. Measurements made on rocks containing radioactive elements can be interpreted to provide rough values of the age of the earth.
- •Тема 3. Стилистические вопросы перевода
- •Subjective recommendations
- •Stylistic tips
- •Individual shortcomings of authors’ articles
- •Тема 4. Перевод и реферирование текстов
- •Designing Environmentally Friendly Communities
- •Diners May Be Willing to Pay More to Eat at 'Green' Restaurants
- •Mechanical Metallurgy Examples
- •Характеристика режущих инструментов
- •Bridge rebuilding will mean changes for Metra commuters
- •Тенденции года 2012
Тема 1. Лексические вопросы перевода
И мудрый Вольтер сомневался в ядовитости кофе!
Козьма Прутков
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the phrase ‘doubt that’:
There has always been the doubt that in idealizing the system (as is commonly done) to a ball on a transparent plane some important features may be missed.
This fact casts some doubt that there are another two close modes in this frequency range which were not properly identified by the impact excitation.
I. Определите какое слово из двух расположено в словаре раньше:
pet |
dove |
lime |
fuse |
gamble |
pant |
dime |
light |
fusil |
gambit |
II. Найдите в словаре значения слов:
wheel |
starch |
cart |
mild |
purify |
whale |
stud |
cage |
mold |
purse |
III. Установив исходную форму, найдите значение в словаре, а затем дайте перевод приведенных ниже слов:
cherries |
flagless |
steepest |
unwatered |
carried |
carelessly |
holing |
redrafted |
hopping |
usefulness |
IV. Найдите в словаре значения следующих сочетаний:
to put about |
to put on |
to take down |
to take up |
to give up |
to put back |
to put upon |
to take off |
to take upon |
to look up |
V. Определите с помощью словаря II и III форму глаголов:
to sow |
to wind |
to swing |
to don |
to fling |
to creep |
to oust |
to tear |
to split |
to shrink |
VI. Определите с помощью словаря I форму глаголов:
knelt, split, swam, wept, shone, abandoned, wound, cancelled.
VII. Определите по словарю, сколько имеется различных слов с написанием:
mull, butt, fell, pile, port, flag, last, sound, bar.
VIII. Определите, в функциях каких частей речи употребляются следующие слова:
box i |
cock ii |
blow iii |
cable |
IX. Найдите техническое значение слов:
liner, bush, form, jack, jacket, to found.
X. Определите по словарю основные значения слов:
kino |
check |
compositor |
matrass |
billet |
marmelade |
quadrat |
resin |
XI. Найдите в словаре основные значения слов:
very |
tired |
down |
date |
vary |
tried |
dawn |
data |
to wont |
change |
land |
bottom |
to want |
charge |
lend |
button |
XII. Найдите в словаре следующие слова:
Head - в техническом значении; в географическом значении; в медицинском значении; в архитектурном значении; в металлургическом значении.
Barrel - техническом значении; в медицинском значении.
Lead - в техническом значении; в электротехническом значении; в геологическом значении; в морском значении
Leg - в техническом значении; в электротехническом значении
Base - в химическом значении; в полиграфическом значении; в архитектурном значении
Cast - как глагол в техническом значении; как существительное в техническом значении
XIII. Переведите, охарактеризуйте:
to cast about |
odourless |
to get round |
ferries |
to get together |
stolen |
to get on |
hid |
principle |
happier |
principal |
smartest |
undetected |
aboard |
abroad |
bushes |
unsuccessfully |
planes |
to reload |
plans |
XIV. Установите по словарю сколько имеется различных слов с указанным ниже написанием; найдите среди них слова с техническим значением:
vice, lap, jib, file, fit, bosh, fan.
XV. Переведите «хитрые» двухкомпонентные термины:
example problems
original sublease
sample certificate
sample log
schedule estimate
recommended practice (RP)
reference standard
tolerance extremes
specimen tubes
maximum theory
blended cements
mixed concrete
eccentricity ratio
draft proposal
power output
pressure rating
steel plate
steel sheet
structural steel
structural frame
structural support
structural tube
oil solubility
chlorine substitution
metal-working liquids
sound level limits
XVI. Раскройте смысловую структуру слова “engineering”:
reverse engineering |
engineering study |
system safety engineering |
industry engineering |
logistics engineering |
test engineering |
specialty engineering |
value engineering |
sanitary engineering |
system engineering |
production engineering |
human engineering |
engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) |
designing-engineering-constructing |
XVII. Переведите:
All software parts such as rings, oil seals, gaskets and oil separator elements are supplied in one box kit.
XVIII. Заполните таблицу:
British |
American |
|
apartment |
lawyer |
|
|
baggage |
milliard |
|
|
taxi |
company |
|
|
downtown |
chemist's |
|
|
elevator |
autumn |
|
|
gas |
motorway |
|
|
intersection |
living room |
|
|
long-distance bus |
post |
|
|
movies |
trousers |
|
|
Pullman |
railway |
|
|
saleman, clerk |
time-table |
|
|
soccer |
underground |
|
|
ticket office |
boot |
|
|
to be ill |
advocate |
|
|
truck |
XIX. Переведите и определите какую стилистическую функцию несут в себе синонимические пары в научно-технической литературе:
each and every
benign and slight
reliability and dependability
insight and understanding
neatly and carefully
drawbacks and disadvantages
fitting and proper
accuracy and precision
readily and easily
constraints and limitations
straightforward and simple
trade-offs and compromises
difficulties and complications
relevant and suitable.
XX. Основываясь на предыдущем упражнении переведите следующие предложения:
Installation of the automation equipment must be performed neatly and carefully to assure dependable operation throughout its service life.
This indicates that the present model is relevant and suitable for predicting the severity of ring bore contact for varying engine operating and lubrication conditions.
This technique was selected as being rather straightforward and simple to apply.
It is realized that older spectrophotometers exist whose precision and accuracy are not this good.
XXI. В соответствии с контекстом определите значения слов в словаре, выделенных жирным шрифтом. Переведите предложения:
А.
1. Electric power can easily be transferred over long- distance from the power - plant.
2. The important task of preserving peace lies mainly with the Great Powers.
3. As long as the Conservative Party remains in power in England no betterment of living conditions for the working class there can be expected since this Party is not in power to solve the most pressing economic problems of the day.
4. 5 to the second power is equal to 25.
B.
1. An electromotive force is produced when a conductor cuts magnetic lines of force.
2. The peace proposals of our delegation were in line with the peaceful policy of the Russian Government.
3. The Iraqi Government took a strong line in its negotiations with the Western Powers.
4. I know by heart many lines of Pushkin's works, especially his lyric poems.
C.
1. Under the influence of heat the substance passed from a solid into a liquid state.
2. The artificial satellite appeared over Moscow at 6.50 a.m. and then quickly passed out of sight.
3. Our ship passed the Suez Canal at noon.
4. The Conference passed a resolution calling for the immediate banning of nuclear tests.
5. The student successfully passed all his examinations.
D.
1. People try to explore the ocean bed.
2. They crossed a dry river bed.
3. The machine rests on a bed of concrete.
XXII. Определите оттенки синонимов к слову “РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ”:
Modernization –
Revamption = revamp –
Retrofit –
Upgrade = upgrading –
Modification = updating -
Conversion –
Extension –
Refurbishment = reinstatement –
Recondition –
Turnaround -
XXIII. Определите трансформации при переводе:
1. Our product strategy has demonstrated a commitment to balancing the needs of people with the use of technology. |
Стратегия нашего производства продемонстрировала возможность учета потребностей людей при использовании технологии. |
2. This software includes provisions for intersystem security, and transfer queue monitoring and control. |
Это программное обеспечение включает дополнительные возможности для установки междусистемной безопасности и управления очередью пересылаемых данных. |
3. The interconnect services replace data lines to offer multiple high-and-medium speed services. |
Возможности изменения межсоединений устраняют необходимость применения линий данных, и это позволяет увеличить скорость обработки информации |
4. For simple situations, the design of a network can be very simple. |
В простых ситуациях проектирование сети не представляет больших трудностей. |
5. Prudence dictates that each reactor should be provided with a massive, steel-lined concrete containment structure. |
В целях предосторожности каждый реактор должен размещаться в толстостенном здании, стены которого изнутри покрыты стальными листами. |
6. When application programs are being tested, it is sometimes necessary to simulate missing services. |
Когда проводятся испытания прикладных программ, иногда возникает необходимость в имитации отсутствующих функций обслуживания. |
7. One should make sure that sufficient space is left for expansion of the rails in hot weather. A steel rail expands a quarter of an inch in hot day. |
Нужно оставлять достаточно пространства для расширения рельс, т.к. в жаркую погоду стальные рельсы расширяются на четверть дюйма.
|
8. Scientists believe that it is more efficiently to use this development on a continuous welded rail track where the length of rails is some hundred metres.
|
Учёные считают, что наиболее эффективно использовать предложенное новшество на, так называемом, бесстыковом пути, где длина сваренных рельсовых плетей достигает нескольких сотен метров. |
9. According to different sources nowadays it accounts for 113 gauge types though the most common one is still considered the width of 1435 mm. |
По различным источникам, сегодня в мире насчитывается более 113 вариантов ширины колеи, однако самой распространенной все же остается ширина 1435 мм.
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