XXXV. Suggest Russian translation to English Idioms:

English phrase	Russian phrase
with an open mind
time will tell
have a slight edge
appear out of place
the general pattern continues
take stock of (something)
convenient reach
adds further credence to
has much to recommend it
we take issue with
the most prominent example
have half a point
are at odds with
hard-and-fast guidelines
is open ended
the... has been less encouraging
no less a person than x
bring to a head
outperform
take great pain
establish which is the case
develop from first principles
develop from scratch
bring to a sharper focus
agreement is in the 2-3 percent range
take a nosedive
just enough to
far outweighs
from then onward
in house
make major headway
a) a word should be said about b) a few words are in order about c) it is appropriate to provide some comment concerning
be the driving force behind (something)
ironclad proof
is all significant
is still in its infancy
ins and outs
true to size
be in a poor state of repair
worker morale
be second to (something)
add a new dimension to (something)

Тема 2. Грамматические вопросы перевода

Life is a verb, not a noun.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman (American writer)

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB

I. Define form and function of non-finite forms of the verb and translate the following sentences:

1. In passing through a metal electrons collide with many ions.

2. When the boiling is reached the adding of heat does not raise the temperature.

3. The proper work of an engine depends upon its being well lubricated.

4. All the chemical transformations that take place around us only change energy from one form into another without aifecting the total.

5. Coal and any other fuel provide the heat required for driving our engines and turbines.

6. In carrying out the plan of launching an artificial satellite our scientists had to solve many difficult problems.

7. The bridge having been repaired so quickly surprised us very much.

8. Before discussing this question they made a short break.

9. I knew nothing about the recent happenings.

10. Their having crossed the river caused a great surprise.

11. War causes hard sufferings.

12. The molecules of a gas are moving about freely.

13. Knowing the volume, the pressure, and the temperature of the gas, we can determine the state of its mass.

14. At the beginning of the century scientists succeeded in breaking the nucleus of the atom by attacking it with tiny particles flying with a great speed.

15. Being taken in proper proportion hydrogen and oxygen combine forming water.

16. The ammeter is a measuring device.

17. The forces acting between atoms within a molecule are very strong.

18. When speaking of water, we must remember that it is composed of tiny particles—its molecules.

19. Having been detained by a snow storm, the liner was three days late.

20. I was told of their having been sent to the rescue operation.

21. He had good hopes of being sent to fulfilling this mission, and therefore, before returning home he spent some hours in preparing the plane for flight, trying it again and again.

22. Electroplating was invented in Russia, its inventor being Russian scientist Yacobi.

23. The bridge having been repaired, we were able to cross the river.

24. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

25. The vapour pressure of a liquid becoming equal to atmospheric pressure, the liquid boils.

26. Water has a higher specific heat than most of other common substances, the specific heat of iron being approximately one-ninth the heat of water.

27.Any moving object is able to do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity.

28. The temperature of a wire being raised, the random motion of the electrons increases.

29. The current flow having been changed, the direction of the magnetic lines of force also changed.

30. The substance being a dielectric, no current can flow through it.

31. Gases are light substances, the lightest of them being hydrogen.

31. The force of gravitational attraction exerted on a body by the earth known as the weight of the body is one of the most important forces in everyday life.

32. The total quantity of pure radium obtained is quite insignificant.

33. Intermolecular space exists even in a gas which, subjected to exceedingly high pressure ceases to contract its volume.

34. When used as an amplifier the radio-tube allows a small voltage to control a strong flow of current from a battery.

35. If a body is totally immersed in a fluid, the upthrust of the fluid on the body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

36. When the water has reached the boiling point, the temperature ceases to rise, and the heat supplied is used in changing the water into steam.

37. A beaker filled with cold water and held over a flame of burning hydrogen will condense the steam to droplets of water.

38. Glass and porcelain neither lose nor gain in weight when heated.

39. То assign a numerical value to the inertia of any given body, we choose as a standard some body whose inertia is arbitrary taken as unity.

40. Each organ of the living organism has its own work to do.

41. When cells which have similar functions become congregated together to form distinct anatomical structures, we call such structures organs.

42. Oxygen is extremely hard to liberate from a compound.

43. The disintegration of radioactive substances is known to be a spontaneous process.

44. We know the electric cell to consist of two plates of conducting material assembled together and immersed in an electrolyte.

45. Atomic energy is likely to become the main source of power-supply in the years to come.

46. Dilute solutions appear to obey laws exactly analogous to the laws of gases.

47. The difficulties to overcome in the manufacture of synthetic camphor seem to be great.