Processes and technologies

Not all 3D printers use the same technology. There are several ways to print and all those available are additive, differing mainly in the way layers are build to create the final object. Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are the most common technologies using this way of printing. Another method of printing is when we talk about curing a photo-reactive resin with a UV laser or another similar power source one layer at a time. The most common technology using this method is called stereolithography (SLA).

To be more precise: since 2010, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) group “ASTM F42 – Additive Manufacturing”, developed a set of standards that classify the Additive Manufacturing processes into 7 categories  according to Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies. These seven processes are:

1. Vat Photopolymerisation

2. Material Jetting

3. Binder Jetting

4. Material Extrusion

5. Powder Bed Fusion

6. Sheet Lamination

7. Directed Energy Deposition

Vocabulary

‘additive manufacturing - технология послойной печати 

cross-section - поперечное сечение

eventual – конечный,  возможный при соответствующих условиях

computer aided design - компьютерное моделирование

time-of-flight - времяпролётный 

modulated light - модулированное световое излучение, модулированный световой сигнал

volumetric - волюметрический (напр. о модели); пространственный

enable - приспосабливать; давать возможность 

hand-held – ручной, переносной

‘digitizing - отцифрование

DIY - do it yourself - сделай сам 

Selective laser sintering - избирательное лазерное спекание 

fused deposition modeling - моделирование методом наплавления 

reactive resin - реактивная смола

UV - Ultra Violet - ультрафиолетовый

stereolithography - стереолитография

VAT – куб, кубовый, контейнер

jetting - гидромеханизация; гидромониторное бурение;

binder jetting - Разбрызгивание связующего вещества

extrusion - горячее прессование 

powder bed fusion - технология расплавления материала в заранее сформированном слое 

lamination - напластование 

directed energy deposition - осаждение материала при помощи направленного энергетического воздействия

Exercise 1

Find Russian equivalents to the following words in the text. Learn them by heart.

Трехмерный, цифровой, последовательный, слой, целый/весь, нарезать ломтиками, конечный, виртуальный, приспосабливать/давать возможность, аппаратное оборудование, ручной/переносной, комплексный/встроенный/объединенный, программное обеспечение, загружать, плавить, источник, ультрафиолетовый

Exercise 2

Solve the puzzle. Find words from the first exercise. You can link letters vertically and horizontally in any directions. Don’t use one and the same letter twice.

l	t	l	e	i	g	i	t	a	l
a	o	s	m	d	e	l	a	y	e
u	u	r	s	o	r	a	r	e	n
t	n	c	e	f	t	w	l	b	a
i	e	v	e	l	a	u	e	v	e
n	e	c	i	l	s	t	r	i	r
t	e	g	t	e	d	h	a	r	a
e	v	r	a	d	h	a	n	d	w
u	i	e	c	l	e	h	d	u	p
v	s	s	c	u	s	d	a	o	l

Exercise 3

Match the synonyms. There can be more than two synonyms

digital, adjust, gradual, three dimensional, cut, built-in, numeric, coating, adapt, upload, whole, perspective, successive, portable, slice, joined, source, cyber, stepwise, carve, virtual, handheld, enable, origin, boot, layer, integrated, entire

Exercise 4

Fill in the sentences with the words from the box

Enabled, source, hardware, slice, layer, hand-held, melted, virtual, entire, eventual

1) Please, _______the onion into rings.

2) He shot Tigerland almost like a documentary, with ________cameras and no make-up.

3) New technology has __________development of an online ‘__________library’.

4) A thin ________of dust covered everything.

5) The tiny window was the only __________of light.

6) I have never in my __________life heard such nonsense.

7) It’s impossible to predict the ___________outcome (результат) of the competition

8) It seems you’ve got a __________problem; the disk drive (дисковод) is stuck.

9) Her trusting smile ___________his heart.

Exercise 5

Answer the questions

1) What is 3D printing?

2) How the entire object is created?

3) What is the first step in creating an object?

4) What more do you know about 3D scanners?