Lesson 6

Drilling Machines

Part 1

Genaral Information

A drilling machine comes in many shapes and sizes, from small hand-held power drills to bench mounted and finally floor-mounted models. They can perform operations other than drilling, such as countersinking, counterboring, reaming, and tapping large or small holes.

Uses

A drilling machine, called a drill press, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other materials (Figure 4-1). Drilling machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its point. This cutting tool is held in the drill press by a chuck and is rotated and fed into the work at variable speeds. Drilling machines may be used to perform other operations. They can perform countersinking, boring, counterboring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping. Drill press operators must know how to set up the work, set speed and feed, and provide for coolant to get an acceptable finished product. The size or capacity of the drilling machine is usually determined by the largest piece of stock that can be center-drilled. For instance, a 15-inch drilling machine can center-drill a 30-inch-diameter piece of stock. Other ways to determine the size of the drill press are by the largest hole that can be drilled, the distance between the spindle and column, and the vertical distance between the worktable and spindle.

Characteristics

All drilling machines have the following construction characteristics: 1 driving motor, 2 driving head, 3 round column with geared rack for height adjustment of the drilling-machine table, 4 column base, 5 drilling machine table with T-slots, 6 drilling spindle, 7 spindle head, 8 hand lever for feed

The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position. In most drilling machines, the spindle is vertical and the work is supported on a horizontal table. The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a sleeve. In most drilling machines, the spindle is vertical and the work is supported on a horizontal table. The head has a set of handles radiating from a central hub that, when turned, move the spindle and chuck vertically. When the spindle with a cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work: and when it is moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn from the work. The column of most drill presses is circular and built rugged and solid. The column supports the head. The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it may be tilted up to 90° in either direction, to allow for long pieces to be end or angled drilled. The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best machining accuracy.

Vocabulary

bench mounted - настольный

floor-mounted - напольный

countersinking - зенкование конического отверстия

counterboring - цилиндрическое зенкование;

spot facing - проточка опорной поверхности на детали

reaming - рассверливание

tapping -  нарезание резьбы

feed – питание, подача материала

coolant - охлаждающее вещество; хладоагент 

driving motor - двигатель приводного механизма

driving head – приводная головка

spindle- шпиндель

column – колонна, станина

table – стол

base – фундаментная плита, основание, опора

T-slots - Т-образная канавка

spindle head - шпиндельная бабка; шпиндельная головка

geared rack – движущийся кронштейн

lever - [‘li:və]- рычаг

hub – втулка

chuck – патрон

feed into – вводить

rugged [‘rʌgid]- прочный

withdraw – убирать, снимать, удалять

tilt - наклонять

end – торец заготовки

angle – угол, наклон

Exercise 1

Find Russian equivalents to the following words in the text. Learn them by heart.

Устанавливать/начинать, ручной/переносной, действие, отверстие, сверлильный станок (2 варианта), скорость, начинать/устанавливать, питание, емкость/вместимость, регулировка/настройка, опора/ основание, шпиндель, рычаг (2 варианта), фиксированная позиция, сверло, вертикальный, горизонтальный, патрон, опускать, поднимать, убирать/удалять, цилиндрический, поддерживать, рабочий стол, кронштейн (2 варианта), высота, угол наклона

Exercise 2

Match the synonyms. There can be more than two synonyms.

feed mechanism, lift, drilling machine, footing, set, speed, lower, operation, portable, delete, driving motor, drop, take away, action, rack, drill press, gear, arm, put down, move upward, withdraw, hand-held, base, mount

Exercise 3

Find sentences with verbs in Passive Voice in the text. Use grammar references.

Exercise 4

Fill in the missing letters and translate the words into Russian.

Opera_ _ on, ra_k, m_ve up_ _ rd, spe_d, ch_ _k, ve_ti_al, spind_ _, s_ _port, a_just, wit_dr_ _, hei_ _t, c _ _cul_r, workt_bl_, ba_e, ang_ _, l_ ve_