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2. Choose the correct definition for each legal profession mentioned in the text.

(a) an officer acting as a judge in the lower courts.

(b) a public official with authority to hear and decide cases in a law court.

(c) a group of people who swear to give a true decision on issues of in a law court.

(d) an official who investigates the cause of any death thought to be violent or unnatural causes.

(e) a lawyer who has the right to speak and argue in higher law courts.

(f) a lawyer who prepares legal documents, advises clients on legal and speaks for them in lower law courts.

Task III

1. Read and translate the text.

  • The Justice Department = Department of Justice, U.S. (DOJ) - Министерство юстиции США

  • faithful execution of the laws - точное исполнение законов

  • consent[kәn΄sent] – согласие

  • Senate[΄senit] - сенат

  • at the pleasure of the president - по усмотрению президента

  • relinquish [ri΄liŋwiʃ] - оставлять

  • discretion [di΄skreʃәn] - полномочия

  • assistant attorney - помощник атторнея

Us Attorneys

The Justice Department is responsible for faithful execution of the laws under the president's authority. The main administrators of federal law enforcement are the ninety-four US attorneys, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. Unlike federal judges, these appointees serve at the pleasure of the president.

There is a US attorney in each federal judicial district. Their staffs of assistant attorneys vary in size with the amount of litigation in the district. US attorneys have considerable discretion, which makes them powerful political figures in any community.

WE READ AND TALK

Task I. Read and translate the text.

Solicitors and Barristers

England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers.

Many problems are dealt with exclusively by a solicitor. For instance, the solicitor deals with petty (мелкий) crimes and some matrimonial matters in Magistrates' Courts, the lowest Courts. He prepares the case and the evidence. He actually speaks in Court for you. In a civil action he can speak in the County Court, when the case is one of divorce or recovering some debts. In the County Court the solicitor wears a black gown over his ordinary clothes. A solicitor also deals with matters outside Court. He does the legal work involved in buying a house, for instance. He writes legal letters for you and carries on legal arguments outside Court. If you want to make a will the best man to advise you is a solicitor. To qualify as a solicitor, a young man or woman joins a solicitor as a "clerk" and works for him whilst studying part time for the "Law Society" exams. It is not necessary for you to go to university. When you have passed all the necessary exams, you can "practice", which means you can start business on your own.

Barristers are different from solicitors. Barristers are experts in the interpretation of the Law. They advise on really difficult points. The barrister is also an expert on advocacy (the art of presenting cases in Court). Barristers are rather remote figures. If you need one, for instance, you never see him without your solicitor being with him. Barristers do not have public offices in any street. They work in what are known as chambers (контора адвоката), often in London. To qualify as a barrister you have to take the examinations of the Bar Council (Совет Барристеров). These are different from solicitors' examinations. Only barristers can become judges.

Task II. Answer the questions.

1. What is almost unique about the English legal system?

2. What kind of problems does a solicitor deal with?

3. How do you qualify as a solicitor?

4. What are Barristers experts in?

5. When must you have a barrister?

WE DISCUSS

Task I. Sometimes a lawyer defends people knowing they are guilty. Why?

Task II. Why is the number of lawyers increasing nowadays?

Task III. Why would you like to work as a lawyer?

WE WRITE

Task I