- •Информационные технологии
- •Предисловие
- •Part I lesson one
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Pronounce the following words correctly
- •Text a. Information, machine words, instructions, addresses and reasonable operations
- •VI. Form nouns from the verbs by adding suffixes:
- •VII. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercises
- •V. Arrange (a) synonyms and (b) antonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •XII. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given below. Use them in the Passive Voice:
- •XIII. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •XIV. Find the sentences in which the verbs 'to have' and 'to be' are translated as «должен»:
- •XVI. State the functions of the Gerund. Translate the sentences:
- •XVII. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •Lesson two
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the following international words and guess their meaning:
- •III. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. Input and output units (I/o units)
- •Exercises
- •V. Insert prepositions where necessary:
- •XIII. State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive. Construction:
- •XV. Translate the following sentences with the emphatic construction it is (was) ... That (who, which, when) ...:
- •XVI. Find the equivalents to the following Russian sentence:
- •XVII. Read Text в and translate it without a dictionary. Express its contents in Russian: text b. Terms
- •XVIII. Read Text в' and translate it without a dictionary. Try to memorize its main points. Text b'. Reliability
- •Lesson three
- •Exercises
- •III. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. Memory or storage unit
- •Exercises
- •V. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. What do you call a unit which:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the form and function of the Participle:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction:
- •XI. Find the sentences in which the Absolute Participle Construction is used:
- •XII. Read Text в without a dictionary. Express its contents by 3-4 sentences: text b. Floppy and winchester disks
- •XIII. Read Text b' and translate it without a dictionary. Retell its contents by 3-4 sentences. Text b'. Bubble memory
- •Lesson four
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •Text a. Central processing unit
- •Exercises
- •IV. Find in (b) the Russian equivalents to the English words and combinations in (a):
- •V. Arrange synonyms in pairs:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Compare:
- •X. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the objective infinitive constructions and for-phrases with the Infinitive:
- •XI. Define the infinitive constructions and translate the sentences:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the informs:
- •XIV. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Write a short summary: text b. Six computer generations
- •Lesson five
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •Text a. Microcomputer and microprocessor design
- •Exercises
- •IV. For the nouns in column II find suitable attributes in column I and translate:
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations:
- •VI. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the words of the same root. Define pans of speech:
- •IX. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to ing-forms:
- •X. Read Text в and translate it without a dictionary. Render it in Russian. Text b. Ram and rom
- •Lesson six
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •III. Pronounce the following words correctly:
- •Text a. The basic principles of programming
- •Exercises
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •VI. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Read Text b and write a brief summary of it: text b. Programming
- •Lesson seven
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •IV. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. The basic principles of programming
- •Exercises
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations:
- •VI. Arrange the synonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •VII. Form two sentences of your own with each word combination:
- •VIII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Speak on:
- •XI. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Write a brief summary of it: text b. Kinds of programs
- •Part II lesson one
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text I. Worry about computers? me?
- •Control questions
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text the English equivalents to:
- •II. True or false?
- •Feed in english, print out in french
- •Text II. Computer literacy for all
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text equivalents to:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •IV. Construct other sentences in these patterns (models):
- •V. Complete the sentences (if, when-clauses):
- •Lesson two
- •Vocabuiary list
- •Text I. The early years
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text the English equivalents to:
- •II. True or false?
- •III. Give a synonym for words in parentheses:
- •V. Describe the relationship between each of the following pairs of words (antonyms, synonyms, neither):
- •VI. Choose the word to complete each of the following sentences:
- •VII. Cross out the one word that does not have the same meaning as the other three words:
- •VIII. Construct other sentences in this pattern (compound adjectives)
- •IX. In pairs or small groups, discuss each of the following questions:
- •X. Complete the paragraph below:
- •Text II. Deep blue
- •Exercises
- •I. True or false?
- •II. Find an article about a business venture. Prepare to describe that 'venture in class.
- •III. Read the following paragraph as many times as you can in 3 minutes. Then rewrite as much info as you can remember.
- •Lesson three
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text I. Surfing the net
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •Text II. The language of e-mail
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •VI. Discuss:
- •VII. Write an e-mail message to your friend (on paper). Use an appropriate format and a chatty style. Try to use at least one smiley and some abbreviations.
- •Control questions
- •Part III
- •1. Read these texts and translate them with a dictionary: text I. From calculi to modern computer
- •Control questions
- •Text II. Artificial intelligence
- •Control questions
- •Appendix
- •Terms used in computing field
- •Glossary of computer acronyms and meaningful words
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
XVII. Translate into English using the Gerund:
1. Одним из способов хранения информации внутри вычислительной машины является хранение с помощью ряда поляризованных точек на магнитной поверхности. 2. Путем размещения специальных устройств внутри вычислительной машины можно хранить информацию. 3. Возведение в степень и извлечение квадратного корня - математические операции. 4. Компьютер используется для решения сложных задач.
Lesson two
Grammar. The Infinitive and Its Constructions. Emphatic Construction 'It is (was) ...
that (who, which)...
Text A. Input and Output Units.
Text B. Terms.
Text B'. Reliability.
Exercises
I. Read the following international words and guess their meaning:
active; passive; practical; problem; programming; experiment; to consult; form; regularly; to construct; arithmometer; to control; peripheral; efficient; buffer; pulse; impulse; communication; interesting; to operate; functional; minute; record; line; factor; process
II. Pronounce the following words correctly:
input n ввод; входное устройство; вход |
accept v принимать (информацию) |
device n устройство; прибор, механизм; элемент provide v обеспечивать; снабжать; давать means n pl средство communication n связь; сообщение message n сообщение; передаваемый блок информации vary v менять(ся) according to phr cj согласно capacity n способность; емкость auxiliary а вспомогательный; дополнительный rate n скорость; степень; норма; коэффициент; частота control v управлять; контролировать |
purpose n цель; намерение; назначение north-south север – юг vice-versa и наоборот output n вывод; выходное устройство; выход acceptable а приемлемый speed n скорость; быстродействие consequently adv следовательно tremendous а огромный release v освобождать ratio n отношение; коэффициент; соотношение advantage n преимущество |
III. Memorize the following word combinations:
the means of communication - средство связи
punched holes and blanks - перфорированные отверстия и пробелы
a punched tape - перфолента
a human being - человек
data-handing equipment - оборудование по управлению данными
a high-speed line-printer - высокоскоростное построчно-печатающее устройство
a factor of advantage - коэффициент преимущества
the peripheral or auxiliary devices - вспомогательные устройства
the proper speed - надлежащая скорость
Text a. Input and output units (I/o units)
1. The part of the computer that takes in information is called the input unit. The input unit or device provides the means of communication between the computer and the people who are interested in its operation.
2. To be accepted by the machine, information for a digital computer has to be in the form of digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 9 or characters A, B, C, D, ... . These characters are regularly expressed for the computer's purposes as six or seven l's and 0's. The l's and 0's may be expressed for the computer: as punched holes (1) and blanks (0) in a card or a paper tape; as presence (1) and absence (0) of electrical pulse; or as polarized spots on a magnetic surface; for example, south-north is 1 and north-south is 0, or vice versa, etc.
3. So, the input unit makes possible communication from the other data-handing equipment and human being to the computer. It is the functional part of the computer that accepts the data to be operated on and programs for operating. It may consist of a keyboard operated tape punch, a paper tape reader, a card reader, a card reader, and an electric typewriter.
4. The part of a computer that puts out information is called the output unit. The computer can easily put out information in a form acceptable to human beings. For example, the computer may give impulses to an electric typewriter, so that the keys are energized in i the proper sequence to type out a message in ordinary typed 'characters which human beings can read, etc.
5. The output of a computer is known to vary according to the capacity of the auxiliary equipment receiving the information. A computer can record on a magnetic tape at the rate of 1,000,000 characters per second. It can also control: a paper tape punch which will punch a paper tape at the rate of 100 characters per second; or a card punch which will punch per second about 300 standard punch cards of 80 columns; or a high-speed line-printer which will punch 20 lines per second, each of 80 to 120 characters. Input and output devices are usually called peripherals.
6. All this peripheral equipment is slow as compared with the computer. Consequently, for efficient use of the computer's tremendous calculating speed, devices called buffers may be used. A buffer is known to be a storage device which is able to take in information at a very high speed from the computer and release the information at the proper speed for the peripheral equipment.
7. A human being is known to write by hand at the rate of about 30 words per minute, or to type at the rate of about 60 words per minute, or to talk at the rate of 200 or 250 words per minute. The ratio between a computer speed of about 40,000 words per second, and the top output speed of a human being of about 4 words per second, gives a factor of advantage to the computer of about 10,000 to 1 at the beginning of the 60's. Nowadays this ratio is much more.
Notes
1. the input unit makes possible communication from the other data-handing equipment and human being - блок ввода позволяет установить связь от другого оборудования по управлению данными и человеком
2. of a keyboard operated tape punch - ленточного перфоратора, работающего от клавишного пульта