- •Информационные технологии
- •Предисловие
- •Part I lesson one
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Pronounce the following words correctly
- •Text a. Information, machine words, instructions, addresses and reasonable operations
- •VI. Form nouns from the verbs by adding suffixes:
- •VII. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercises
- •V. Arrange (a) synonyms and (b) antonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •XII. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given below. Use them in the Passive Voice:
- •XIII. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •XIV. Find the sentences in which the verbs 'to have' and 'to be' are translated as «должен»:
- •XVI. State the functions of the Gerund. Translate the sentences:
- •XVII. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •Lesson two
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the following international words and guess their meaning:
- •III. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. Input and output units (I/o units)
- •Exercises
- •V. Insert prepositions where necessary:
- •XIII. State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive. Construction:
- •XV. Translate the following sentences with the emphatic construction it is (was) ... That (who, which, when) ...:
- •XVI. Find the equivalents to the following Russian sentence:
- •XVII. Read Text в and translate it without a dictionary. Express its contents in Russian: text b. Terms
- •XVIII. Read Text в' and translate it without a dictionary. Try to memorize its main points. Text b'. Reliability
- •Lesson three
- •Exercises
- •III. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. Memory or storage unit
- •Exercises
- •V. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. What do you call a unit which:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the form and function of the Participle:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction:
- •XI. Find the sentences in which the Absolute Participle Construction is used:
- •XII. Read Text в without a dictionary. Express its contents by 3-4 sentences: text b. Floppy and winchester disks
- •XIII. Read Text b' and translate it without a dictionary. Retell its contents by 3-4 sentences. Text b'. Bubble memory
- •Lesson four
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •Text a. Central processing unit
- •Exercises
- •IV. Find in (b) the Russian equivalents to the English words and combinations in (a):
- •V. Arrange synonyms in pairs:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Compare:
- •X. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the objective infinitive constructions and for-phrases with the Infinitive:
- •XI. Define the infinitive constructions and translate the sentences:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the informs:
- •XIV. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Write a short summary: text b. Six computer generations
- •Lesson five
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •Text a. Microcomputer and microprocessor design
- •Exercises
- •IV. For the nouns in column II find suitable attributes in column I and translate:
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations:
- •VI. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the words of the same root. Define pans of speech:
- •IX. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to ing-forms:
- •X. Read Text в and translate it without a dictionary. Render it in Russian. Text b. Ram and rom
- •Lesson six
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •III. Pronounce the following words correctly:
- •Text a. The basic principles of programming
- •Exercises
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •VI. Memorize the following definitions:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Read Text b and write a brief summary of it: text b. Programming
- •Lesson seven
- •Exercises
- •I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
- •II. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •IV. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a. The basic principles of programming
- •Exercises
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations:
- •VI. Arrange the synonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •VII. Form two sentences of your own with each word combination:
- •VIII. Memorize the following definitions:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Speak on:
- •XI. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Write a brief summary of it: text b. Kinds of programs
- •Part II lesson one
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text I. Worry about computers? me?
- •Control questions
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text the English equivalents to:
- •II. True or false?
- •Feed in english, print out in french
- •Text II. Computer literacy for all
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text equivalents to:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •IV. Construct other sentences in these patterns (models):
- •V. Complete the sentences (if, when-clauses):
- •Lesson two
- •Vocabuiary list
- •Text I. The early years
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in the text the English equivalents to:
- •II. True or false?
- •III. Give a synonym for words in parentheses:
- •V. Describe the relationship between each of the following pairs of words (antonyms, synonyms, neither):
- •VI. Choose the word to complete each of the following sentences:
- •VII. Cross out the one word that does not have the same meaning as the other three words:
- •VIII. Construct other sentences in this pattern (compound adjectives)
- •IX. In pairs or small groups, discuss each of the following questions:
- •X. Complete the paragraph below:
- •Text II. Deep blue
- •Exercises
- •I. True or false?
- •II. Find an article about a business venture. Prepare to describe that 'venture in class.
- •III. Read the following paragraph as many times as you can in 3 minutes. Then rewrite as much info as you can remember.
- •Lesson three
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text I. Surfing the net
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Put the proper words into sentences:
- •Text II. The language of e-mail
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •VI. Discuss:
- •VII. Write an e-mail message to your friend (on paper). Use an appropriate format and a chatty style. Try to use at least one smiley and some abbreviations.
- •Control questions
- •Part III
- •1. Read these texts and translate them with a dictionary: text I. From calculi to modern computer
- •Control questions
- •Text II. Artificial intelligence
- •Control questions
- •Appendix
- •Terms used in computing field
- •Glossary of computer acronyms and meaningful words
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
XVII. Read Text в and translate it without a dictionary. Express its contents in Russian: text b. Terms
The special terms of any subject are the keys to understanding it. The special terms of the field of computers are accordingly the keys to understand this field.
Among (среди) the many special terms in any field of knowledge there are two kinds: those that are essential (существенный), that convey (передавать) the key ideas of the subject to a person interested in understanding it; and those that are helpful but not essential. An example of the first kind of terms in the computer field is "binary notation" (двоичное исчисление); it would be very hard to understand much1 in the field of computers without knowing the meaning of "binary notation". An example of the second kind is "minimum latency programming"; for many purposes it is not necessary to know exactly (точно) what this term means.
Notes
1. it would be very hard to understand much - было бы очень трудно понять многое
2. minimum latency programming - минимальное скрытое программирование
XVIII. Read Text в' and translate it without a dictionary. Try to memorize its main points. Text b'. Reliability
The first automatic computers of the 1940's were not reliable. The equipment of which they were made had not been accurate and reliable. The programmer for the problem usually had to program the check (проверка) by doing the same operation in another way. For example, in multiplication A times В he used the equipment from В times A, and so both (обе) operations might be programmed, and then the computer was given an instruction to compare the results. If a difference in results was more than a tolerance (допуск), the machine was stopped, and the operator in charge of (ответственный за) the computer and the mathematician in charge of the program consulted on how to get rid (избавиться) of the error (ошибка).
Those days have long since gone. Now computers can operate with extraordinary (чрезвычайный) reliability, with as many as a billion or ten billions operations between errors. Automatic checking of different kinds is built into the machine.
Lesson three
Grammar. The Participle. The Absolute Participle Constructions.
Text A. Memory or Storage Unit.
Text B. The Floppy and Winchester Disks.
Text B'. Bubble Memory
Exercises
I. Read the international words and guess their meaning:
final; base; container; register; object; subject; transmission; million; billion; disk; serial; series; track; resistor; transistor;
millisecond; nanosecond; reaction; concentric; integration; technology; bipolar; diode; diameter; result; to generate; element
II. Pronounce the following words correctly:
storage n запоминающее устройство (ЗУ); память |
fast а быстрый, скорый circuit n схема; цепь; контур |
intermediate а промежуточный |
integer n целое число |
Final а окончательный; конечный |
differ v отличаться, различаться |
generate v генерировать; (вос)производить |
development n разработка; развитие semiconductor n полупроводник |
access n обращение (к памяти); доступ; выборка (из памяти) |
creation n создание density n плотность; концентрация |
require v требовать |
allocation n размещение; |
transmit v передавать |
распределение |
use n использование; v использовать |
chip n чип; кристалл |
quantity n количество; величина |
achievement n достижение |
hold v держать; удерживать; проводить |
layer n слой microcomputer n микрокомпьютер |
external а внешний, наружный |
primary a первичный, первоначальный |
similar а подобный, похожий |
permanent а постоянный |
circle n круг, окружность |
programmable а программируемый |
internal а внутренний |
erasable а стираемый |
main а главный, основной |
firmware n программноаппаратное |
core n сердечник; память на магнитных сердечниках |
обеспечение, встроенное в компьютер фирмой |
inch n дюйм (2,5 см) |
slow а медленный |