- •1. Basic properties and functions of biological membranes.
- •2. Transport of substance through membrane.
- •3. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: optical microscopy, electronic microscopy
- •4. Methods of research of structure and functions of biological membranes: method of diffraction of X-rays radiation, luminescent methods, nuclear magnetic resonance research
- •5. Potential of rest:
- •6. Potential of action.
- •7. Properties of liquids.
- •8. Superficial tension. Method of falling drops.
- •10. Sensors. Kinds of sensors.
- •11. Application of sensors.
- •9. The general scheme of transfer and registration of the information. Electrodes.
- •14. Kinds of X-rays.
- •16. Law of weakening of X-rays.
- •17. Methods of using of X-rays in medicine.
- •18. Structure of a nucleus, nuclear forces. Energy of connection of nucleons.
- •19. Radioactivity. Kinds of radioactive disintegrations.
- •20. The basic law of radioactive disintegration. A half-life period.
- •21. Ionizing radioactive radiation and its biological action.
- •22. The absorbed and exposition doze. Power of a doze.Relative biological efficiency.
- •23. Heart. Biophysical property of heart.
- •24. Rhythm of heart. Parameters of cardiac activity.Heart tones.
- •25. Electric activity of cells of a myocardium.
- •26. The electrocardiogram. Main assignments of ecg.
- •27. Basic peaks of ecg.
- •28. Imposing of electrodes at ecg. Main assignments.
- •30. Basic rhythms of eeg.
- •31. Technique of record of electroencephalogram.
- •32. Methods of research of electroencephalograms. Magnetoencephalography.
- •33. Luminescence and its kinds.
- •34. Stimulated radiation. Laser.
- •35. Mechanisms of action of laser radiation on biological tissues.
- •36. Aplication of laser radiation in medicine. (lilr, hilr)
- •38. Dispersion of light.
- •40. Law of Buger-Lambert-Ber. Optical density and transparency of substance.
- •41. Method of determination of substance concentration. Method of the caliber graph, method of comparison.
- •42. Polarization of light by bio-systems. Light natural and polarized.
- •43. Phenomenon of double refraction. Dichroism.
- •44. Research of microstructures in polarizing light.
- •45. Rotation of a plane of fluctuations of polarized light.
- •46) Special methods of light microscopy. Method of a dark field.Method of a light field.
- •47) Method of phase contrast. Polarizing microscopy.
- •48) The method interference contrast. Method of research in a view of a luminescence.
- •49) Device of a microscope. Characteristics of microscope.
- •50) Kinds of muscles and its properties.
- •51) Contractive apparatus of the muscles.
- •52) Basic provisions of model of sliding strings.
- •53) Biomechanics of a muscle.
- •54) Electromechanical interface in muscles.
- •55) Stages of a breath. Gas exchange in lungs.
- •56) Surfactant, its importance.
- •57) Biomechanics of external breath.
- •58) Ventilation of lungs. Act of inhalation, act of exhalation.
- •59) Elastic draft of lungs.
- •60) Pulmonary resistance. Extensibility.Minute volume of breath.
- •61) Bernoulli’s equation. Static and dynamics pressure.
- •62) Viscosity of liquid. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow.
- •63) Current of a liquid on a horizontal pipe. Puazal’s law.
- •64) Definition of speed of blood-groove.
- •65) Physical bases of rheography.
- •66) Hemodynamics. Linear and volumetric speed of blood-groove.
- •67) Physical model of vascular system.
- •68) Measurement of pressure of blood.
- •69) Systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures. Pulse wave.
- •70) Work of heart.
- •71) Systolic and minute volume of a blood-groove.
- •72) Biophysical features of an aorta. Arterial and venous pulse.
- •73) Introscopy, its kinds.
- •74) Computer tomograph.
- •75) Magnetic-resonant tomography.
- •76) Ultrasonic (Ultrasonic diagnostics).
- •77) Influence of electromagnetic fields. Diathermy, darsonvalism, inductothermy, uhf-therapy.
- •78) Physiotherapy. Ultrasonic therapy, microwave therapy.
- •79) Amplipulse therapy, microcurrent therapy, magnetotherapy.
- •80) Mobility of ions. Electrophoresis its kinds.
- •81) Medicinal electrophoresis.
- •82) Galvanizing.
- •83) Electrosecurity.
- •84) Primary stages of photobiological processes.
- •85) Photochemical reactions.
- •86) Chemiluminescence and its diagnostic importance.
- •87) Migration of energy.
- •88) Action of ultra-violet radiation on proteins and nucleonic acids.
- •89) Modelling. The basic stages of modeling.
- •90) Modelling. Classification of models.
80) Mobility of ions. Electrophoresis its kinds.
Phases of heterogeneous system will come in movement owing to interaction with an electric field if to system to put a constant potential difference. Movement of particles of a disperse phase in an electric field on a direction to opposite charged electrode is called electrophoresis. Electrophoresis has been opened F. Rejssom in 1807.
Electrophoresis is movement of the weighed particles (phials of gas, colloidal particles and macromolecules) in a liquid under action of an electric field. The method combining influence on an organism of a constant current and introduction of medicinal substances, is called medical electrophoresis or iontophoresis.
Electrophoresis has received wide application in clinical researches of blood, gastric juice, urine, spinal fluid in modern medicine. Electrophoresis is applied in physiotherapy. Usually two basic methods are applied - macroscopic and microscopic electrophoresis.
Macroscopicelectrophoresis is used for division of the substances which are being a mix, and their subsequent allocation.
Microscopic electrophoresis is used for determination of mobility of ions, cells, particles in an electric field, e electrokinetic potential, and also electrochemical properties of a surface of investigated substances.
81) Medicinal electrophoresis.
Medicinal electrophoresis - a combination of influence on an organism of a constant electric current and the medicinal substance entered with its help. Thus medical effects of entered medicinal substance are added to mechanisms of action of a direct current. They depend on mobility, a way of introduction, quantity of medicine acting in an organism and area of its introduction. Medicinal substances in a solution break up to ions and charged hydrophilic complexes.
82) Galvanizing.
The medical method, at which action on an organism of a direct current of insignificant force is used, is called galvanizing. It is connected with the old name of a direct current - a galvanic current. Primary action of a current on tissues of an organism is connected with movement in tissues of ions of electrolytes and other charged particles. Division of ions and accordingly, change of concentration of ions in various elements of tissue structures occurs owing to different mobility of ions, and as delays and their accumulation at semipermeable membranes, in tissue elements, outside and inside of cells.
Galvanizing is combined with a high-frequency magnetotherapy (inductothermy), and acupuncture.
Galvanizing is used at treatment
- traumas and diseases of peripheral nervous system;
- traumas of spinal, frustration of brain and spinal blood circulation;
- a vegetative dystonia, neurasthenias and other neurotic conditions;
- diseases of bodies of the digestion, proceeding with infringement motor and secretory functions ;
- hypertonic and hypotonic illness, a stenocardia, an atherosclerosis in initial stages;
- chronicarthritises and periarthritis a traumatic, rheumatic and exchange origin.