- •Unit 1: the job of a manager
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 2: business of your own
- •Vocabulary
- •The sole proprietor
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 3: marketing
- •Vocabulary
- •Rover to begin job drive
- •Vocabulary
- •We don't phone you we don't have to
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 4: success in business
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Businesses set to vie for north top awards
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5: competition
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6: people who made a fortune
- •Vocabulary
- •Henry Ford: bringing the automobile to the common man
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 7: market and command economies
- •Market and command economies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 8: demand and supply
- •Vocabulary:
- •The Pope and the Price of Fish
- •Unit 9: investment: bonds and shares
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 10: income and credit
- •Income From Work
- •Income From Wealth.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 11: a mortgage
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 12: taxes and public spending
- •Taxes and public spending
- •Vocabulary:
- •Fiscal policy
- •Unit 13: money and its functions
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary:
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary:
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Unit 14: monetary system and monetary policies
- •Monetary system and monetary policies
- •Vocabulary:
- •Reserve Requirement as a Tool of Monetary Policies
- •Unit 15: inflation
- •Iflation
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Accounting and financial problems.
- •2. Falling sales.
- •3. High interest rates.
- •4. Higher costs.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 16: foreign trade
- •Foreign trade
- •Vocabulary:
- •Приложения Приложение 1: Тексты для дополнительного чтения содержание:
- •Text 1: management: an overview
- •Text 2: the concept of strategic management
- •Importance of Strategic Management
- •Text 3: managerial knowledge, skills and performance
- •Text 4: manageral job types
- •Vertical Dimension: Hierarchical Levels
- •Text 5: defining operations management
- •Text 6: strategic human resource management
- •Text 7: how leaders influence others
- •Text 8: control as a management process
- •Text 9: the nature of managerial communication
- •Text 10: the nature of international management
- •The first modern economists text 11: the mercantilists
- •Text 12: the physiocrats
- •Text 13: adam smith and the wealth of nations
- •Text 14: david ricardo (1772-1823) Classical Champion of Free Trade
- •Text 15: alfred marshall (1842-1924) Price Theory Pioneer
- •Text 16: john maynard keynes (1883-1946) Theorist Who Brought Economics into the Twentieth Century
- •Text 17: thomas robert mafthus (1766-1834) Prophet of the "Dismal Science"
- •Text 18: irving fisher (1867-1947) Pioneer In Monetary Theory
- •Text 19: karl marx (1818-1883) Prophet of Socialism and Communism
- •Text 20: a brief history of statistics
- •Text 21: types of businesses in the u.K.
- •Text 22: english banks
- •Text 23: foreign trade of the u.K.
- •Text 24: forms of accounting
- •Text 26: gross domestic product
- •Text 25: how the markets work
- •Text 27: forms of businesses in the u.S.A.
- •Text 28: federal reserve system of the u.S.A.
- •Text 29: two tales of trade
- •Text 30: a little learning
- •Text 31: play it again, samuelson
- •Text 32: car crash ahead
- •Text 33: fun for the masses
- •Text 34: stranded on the farm?
- •Text 35: eastern promise
- •Text 36: the law of the market
- •Text 37: a new start for europe?
- •Список использованной литературы
4. Higher costs.
During a bout of inflation firms will face higher costs for the resources they need to carry on their business. They will have to pay higher wages to their employees to compensate them for rising prices. Supplies of raw materials and fuel will become more expensive as will rents and rates. The inevitable reaction to this is that the firm has to raise its own prices. This will lead to further demands for higher wages as is called the wage-price spiral. Such cost-push inflation may make the goods and services produced by that enterprise internationally less competitive in terms of price. An economy whose relative or comparative rate of inflation is high may find that it is unable to compete in home or foreign markets because its products are expensive. The economic model tells us that a situation of declining exports and increasing imports will lower the level of activity in the economy with all the consequent side-effects.
Vocabulary:
impact – удар, влияние. воздействие
to waste valuable management time – может уходить много драгоценного времени
make more onerous – сделать более затруднительным
to avoid holding an asset – чтобы избавиться от наличности
whatever the reason – какова бы ни была причина
businesses may be hit by – фирмы (предприятия) могут пострадать от…
wages unadjusted for inflation – заработная плата без учета уровня инфляции
a higher tax bracket – следующая категория при группировке налогоплательщиков по доходу
fiscal drag – финансовый тормоз экономического роста с помощью налоговых изъятий
they no longer qualify for – они больше не попадают под…
to supplement their incomes – что является дополнением к их доходу
this leaves less disposable income – из-за этого остается меньше средств
index-linked – индексированный
a reduction in spending – снижение покупательной способности
declining demand – падение спроса
tend to discourage investment – не способствует инвестированию
may also be dissuaded from – могут также отказаться от…
a lack of confidence – недостаток (отсутствие) уверенности
this fall in investment may be worsened by foreign investment being reduced – это падение уровня инвестирования может стать еще сильнее, если сократятся иностранные инвестиции
can lead to businesses having to retain – может привести к тому, что фирмам (предприятиям) придется сохранить
a bout (period, spell) of inflation – период инфляции
less competitive in terms of price – менее конкурентоспособный в смысле цены
Exercise 19: Find Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
difficulty in valuing assets and stocks;
to avoid holding an asset;
wages unadjusted for inflation;
increased in line with inflation;
this may well take a worker into a higher tax bracket;
fiscal drag;
poverty trap;
wages are not index-linked;
spending power;
the cost of borrowing funds;
the wage-price spiral;
in terms of price.
Exercise 20: Find synonyms for the words in italics:
broad reasons;
to identify the reason for this;
businesses may be hit by a reduction in sales;
wages unadjusted for inflation;
will increase withdrawals depressing firms' sales;
maybe dissuaded from undertaking ...
Exercise 21: Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
1. делать что-либо затруднительным
2. периоды инфляции
3. назвать причину чего-либо
4. превратить в наличные
5. распространяться на кого-либо (о государственных льготах)
6. доход, остающийся после уплаты налогов
7. товары первой необходимости
8. компенсировать кому-либо что-либо
Exercise 22: Translate into English:
Концепция инфляции спроса предполагает, что если экономика стремится к высокому уровню производства и занятости, то умеренная инфляция необходима. Однако, сторонники концепции инфляции издержек утверждают, что умеренная инфляция, которая может сначала сопутствовать оживлению экономики, потом, нарастая как снежный ком, превратится в более жестокую гиперинфляцию (чрезвычайно быстрые темпы роста инфляции, которая оказывает разрушительное действие на объем национального производства и занятость).
