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Use of English

The definite article “the”

The definite article the is the same for all genders in singular and in plural. the boy, the girl, the cat, the computers

If the following word begins with a vowel, we speak [ði] the English girl, if the following word begins with a consonant; we speak [ðə] the girl.

The table of with and without the definite article.

with the definite article

without the definite article

to talk about sth specific, that is, something we have already mentioned before or which is already known.

uncountable and plural countable nouns in general meaning.

There is a house on High street. The house is big.

Koalas live in Australia.

with nationalities and family names in plural

names of persons in singular, relatives

the French, the Smiths

Anna, aunt Mary

public buildings, institutions, means of transport (definite)

public buildings, institutions, means of transport (indefinite)

The school that Helen goes to is old. The bus to London leaves at 7.40. The round church in Klingenthal is famous.

Helen doesn't like school. I go to school by bus. Some people go to church on Sundays.

names of countries in plural, mountain ranges, deserts, regions

names of countries in singular, cities, streets, parks, bridges, squares, stations, islands, lakes, summits of mountains, continents, towns

the United States of America, the Netherlands, the Highlands, the Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Middle East, the Sahara, the west of Australia

Brazil, London, Oxford Street, but (the High Street), Hyde Park, London Bridge, Leicestor Square, Charing Cross Station, Lake Geneva, Mount Whitney, Europe, Cairo

groups of islands

single islands

the Virgin Islands

Rhodes

With the names of oceans, seas, rivers

the words this/that/these/those

the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Amazon

this boy, those trees

months, days of the week (definite)

months, days of the week (indefinite)

I always remember the Tuesday when I had an accident. The July of 2001 was hot and dry.

The weekend is over on Monday morning. July and August are the most popular months for holidays.

with nouns which are unique

two-word names when the first is the name of a person or place

the sun, the moon, the earth

Heathrow Airport

with the names of musical instruments and dances

names of meals, sport games, months, celebrations, colours, drinks and languages when they are not followed by the word language.

the guitar, the waltz

dinner, football, July, Mardy Gras, green, tea. I speak Chinese, but the Chinese language is very difficult to learn.

with the names of museums, hotels, theatres, cinemas, newspapers

possessive adjectives or possessive case

the National museum, the Hilton, the royal theatre, the Guardian

That isn’t my book. It’s Tom’s.

with historical periods/events

the Iron age, the second war, but (World War II)

with the words morning/afternoon/evening; station, city, village

in the morning, They drove into the village.

with adjectives used as nouns to refer to a group of people

the poor, the blind, the sick

with only, last, first used as adjectives and with the superlative degree of adjectives/adverbs

He is the most intelligent person I have ever seen. She was the first lady among them.

with titles when the name of the person is not mentioned

the President, the Prince; but (Prince Charles)

We use the seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) with or without the definite article: in summer or in the summer. The American English word for autumn (fall) is always used with the definite article. Sometimes, we use the article and sometimes we do not. It often depends on the context. Watch the following example: The student goes to school. The mother goes to the school. In the first sentence we do not use the definite article, in the second we do. The student goes to school for its primary purpose, so we do not use the article. The mother might talk to a teacher, for example. She visits the school for a different reason. That's why we use the definite article in the second sentence.