Answer the questions:

• Where are the Viking settlements described in the film situated?

• How does western Norway look like in winter?

• Why did Vikings head west to the Orkneys and Shetlands?

• What is the evidence of the Viking presence on the Orkneys and Shetlands?

• Do we know how many Vikings came to the Orkneys and Shetlands? What methods were used to estimate the scale of Viking settlements?

• Why were they sampling only men?

• How do they lessen the distorting effects of recent population movement on ancient genetic patterns?

• What are the preliminary results of these genetic tests?

• Were the Picts pagans like the Vikings?

• Do we know for sure what happened to the Picts? What do the place names tell us about it? Why was an example of Tasmania used?

• What does archeology say about the presence of the Picts on the islands?

• Are there any discoveries contradicting the hypothesis that the Pictish population was wiped out by the Vikings?

• Which of the two theories – slautering of the Picts or coexistence with the Vikings – do you think to be the most convincing?

• What does the monk record of the raid on Lindisfarne say? When did this happen?

• Why are the bone combs of the 7^th century so important for answering a question about the early Viking contacts?

• What kind of evidence about the time of the Viking arrival did Dr. James Barret find in the ancient rubbish dumps on one of the Orkney Islands?

• Why was there such an explosion in the use of marine resources if there was no increase in the fish consumption based on the dietary evidence from the humane bones?

• Why are Viking burial places a rich source of information about their everyday life?

• What did a farmer find on one of the Orkney islands together with the human bones on the beach? Why was this find important? What did they excavate afterwards?

• Which artifacts were found in the man’s grave?

• Which artifacts were found in the woman’s grave? What makes the scientists think that she was rich?

• What did a landlord of the local pub discover when he was repairing the neighbours wall?

• Where did the Vikings go after settling on the Orkneys and Shetlands?

• What is so special about the Viking long house found on South Uist?

• Why is the discovery of pottery there so important? What did the Vikings usually use instead of pottery?

• What kind of evidence do we get from examining the fish bones found on South Uist?

• Why did the Vikings want to get to Ireland?

• Were they just robbing the land or they also settled in Ireland? What evidence do we have in the annals, from archeology?

• Where was the most important Viking long fort situated in Ireland?

• What was found in the burial places in Ireland? In which way do they differ from the finds in the north?

• Why are some of the swords bent?

• Why did the Vikings bury so much silver in Ireland? Where did this silver originally come from?

• What leads us to the idea that large part of Viking trade in Ireland was in slaves?