Навч_Пос_бник_Лазарева_Ковтун

Вправа 3. Визначте часові форми дієслова в реченнях. Запишіть речення у питальній та заперечній формах. Перекладіть речення.

1. Mr. Black always draws on a drawing board. 2. These young men and women studied at an English technical college in 2002-2004. 3. I will be testing the device when you come. 4. Teachers sometimes hang tables and diagrams before a lecture. 5. The students will go to the institute by tram tomorrow. 6. You are waiting for your girl-friend now. 7. I will have been translating for 2 hours when she drops in tomorrow. 8. My daughter has been learning French for 5 years. 9. The scientist was making a very interesting experiment when we entered the lab. 10. She is talking to a friend of mine at the moment. 11. Researchers of this laboratory have developed new equipment for TV communication via outer space. 12. The scientist had completed his research by the beginning of the conference. 13. They will have finished their translation of the texts before you return. 14. He had been writing a letter for an hour when I came. 15. My father has just returned from a business trip.

Вправа 4. Визначте часову групу. Запишіть речення у Past та Future.

1. The job gives her satisfaction. 2. Students are making an experiment in the laboratory. 3. We have already finished our experiments. 4. He has been working at this problem for two years.

13.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 5. Визначте часові форми дієслова в реченнях. Перекладіть речення.

1. They have already applied new methods in their research. 2. Our country has developed into a powerful state and has made great progress in all fields of industry, technology and science. 3. By the end of the 19th century scientists had made the first attempts to obtain synthetic materials. 4. The workers will have built this new house by the beginning of the next year. 5. Our shop is producing some new chemical apparatus. 6. The water in the tube is boiling. 7. The laboratory assistant was writing down all the data during our experiment. 8. They were mounting them from 5 to 7 o’clock. 9. They will be increasing it little by little.

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Вправа 6. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на вживання різних часових форм.

–Чим ти займаєшся? – Перекладаю текст.

–Ти часто перекладаєш тексти? – Так.

–Як часто ти робиш переклади? – Я звичайно перекладаю один текст на день.

–Як давно ти робиш переклади з іноземної мови? – Я перекладаю тексти з того часу, як почав учити англійську.

–Ти сьогодні переклав які-небудь тексти? – Так, я сьогодні переклав один текст і завтра збираюсь перекласти ще один.

–Коли ти завтра будеш робити переклад? – Завтра я буду перекладати текст з другої до третьої години.

Вправа 7. Складіть листа з розповіддю про свою країну, використовуючи активні слова та вирази (7–10 речень).

Lesson 14. Education in Ukraine

14.1.Розмовна тема. Освіта в Україні

Active Vocabulary:

Pre-school education; compulsory education; fee-paying education; obligatory subjects; slant; optional courses; gymnasium; lyceum; extra-curricular activities; vocational training school; postgraduate education; applicant.

Present day independent Ukraine has a well-developed system of education which matches the standards of the developed countries. Pre-school education is not compulsory and is fee-paying. Most parents take their children to nursery schools or kindergartens at the age of 3. Up to the age of 5 children mostly eat, sleep and play there, but in senior groups they are taught the basics of arithmetic, reading, writing, and arts and foreign languages in some schools.

Compulsory secondary education begins at the age of 6–7 and is free in state schools and fee-paying in private ones. Some schools, especially those with language slant, have preparatory classes. Secondary education includes three stages: primary (1st – 3rd grades), basic (4th – 9th grades) and senior (10th – 11th grades). In regular secondary schools children start learning foreign languages from the 5th grade and have fewer lessons of language a week than schools with

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profound learning of languages that start teaching languages from the 1st grade. Recently new types of schools have appeared: gymnasiums and lyceums. In addition, there are schools with technical, computer, mathematical, law, pedagogical and art slant. All the subjects in the secondary schools are obligatory but there are optional courses that students of senior grades can take in addition to the required ones.

Extra-curricular activities usually include a variety of sports and drama clubs, interest groups and various school parties.

Those senior students, who want to get qualification alongside the secondary education, can go to vocational training school. Post-secondary education is provided by technical schools and colleges of 1st and 2nd Level of Accreditation that train young specialists in different trades.

Institutions of higher education (higher educational establishments) include universities, academies, institutes and conservatories. They all hold entrance examinations to select the best applicants to be their students. There are Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv Polytechnic University, International Independent University, Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv State Polytechnic University and many others among the best known higher educational establishments.

Postgraduate education begins after the last year of studies and usually results in theses on the chosen scientific theme and the degree of the Candidate of Sciences. Doctorate Degree is awarded for an outstanding scientific research.

Вправа 1. Доповніть речення інформацією з тексту.

1. There are some stages of education in Ukraine, they are: ___. 2. Compulsory secondary education begins ___ and is ___ in state schools but ___ in private schools. 3. Vocational schools provide ___ education and train specialists in different ___. 4. Institutions of higher education include ___. 5. The most famous higher educational establishments are ___. 6. ___ begins after the last year at University.

14.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Перекладіть англійською.

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1. Більшість вищих навчальних закладів пропонують п’ятирічну програму навчання. 2. Учні не повинні носити шкільну форму. 3. Приватна освіта – платна. 4. Обов’язкова середня освіта представлена державними загальноосвітніми школами та приватними школами. 5. Дошкільну освіту малята отримують у дитячих садочках, за які батьки мають платити. 6. Освіта в незалежній України добре розвинена і відповідає стандартам країн Західної Європи.

14.3. Розмовні формули. Agreement – Disagreement

Прочитайте зразки розмовних формул і складіть коротенькі діалоги.

Table 14.1 – Positive requests (Ввічливі запитання)

.

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Table 14.3 – Negative replies (Негативні відповіді)

Examples

1.Will you help me to move the table? – Yes, of course. – Sorry, I can’t.

2.Could you lend me 5 bucks till Saturday? – Sure. – Sorry, but I’m rather short of money at the moment.

3.Would you fill in this form, please? – All right. – I’m afraid I can’t. I’m illiterate.

4.Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station? – No problem. You should go straight on and in five minutes you’ll be there. – I wish I could but I’m a foreigner myself.

5.Will you call him tomorrow? – OK. – Never. We fell out with him.

14.4. Читання

Прочитайте текст без словника.

What are the Smallest Particles We Know about?

For many years, the only known subatomic particles were protons, neutrons and electrons. By the 1960s, however, advancements in particle accelerator technology had shown evidence of hundreds of smaller constituent particles.

These particles fall into several main categories.

Fermions are the building-block particles. There are two types of material fermions: quarks, which work to hold the nucleus of an atom together, and leptons, which do not.

Hadrons are composite particles made of smaller particles. A proton, for example, is a hadron made from a combination of different quarks.

Bosons are subatomic particles that carry force.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

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1.The existence of great amount of elementary particles was proved in ___. a) the middle of the 20th century b) in the 18th century c) last year

2.There are ___ of fermions.

a) hundreds of types b) two types c) five types 3. Bosons are elementary particles that carry ___. a) light b) mass c) force

☺ Smile!

One student in Rutherford’s lab was very hard-working. Rutherford had noticed it and asked one evening:

–Do you work in the mornings too?

–Yes, – proudly answered the student sure he would be commended.

–But when do you think? – amazed Rutherford.

14.5. Граматика. Пасивний стан дієслова груп Indefinite

Пасивний стан (Passive Voice)

Стан – це категорія дієслова, яка демонструє відношення дії до суб’єкта чи об’єкта дії.

Пасивний стан показує, що дія направлена на предмет або особу, які є підметом (статтю перекладено, дім будується).

Наприклад:

Popov invented the radio. – активний стан (Active Voice) – Попов винайшов радіо.

The radio was invented by Popov. – пасивний стан (Passive Voice) – Радіо було винайдено Поповим.

Пасивний стан – це складна аналітична форма, яка утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у відповідному часі, особі та числі та дієприкметника минулого часу (Participle II):

to be + Participle II

Запам’ятайте! Вживання часів пасивного стану відбувається за такими ж правилами, як і часів активного стану.

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Відмінювання дієслів групи Indefinite (Simple) Passive Voice Стверджувальна форма

Питальна форма

У питальній формі змінюється порядок слів: перед підметом ставиться перше допоміжне дієслово.

Заперечна форма

Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.

Запам’ятайте! У пасивному стані лише допоміжне дієслово змінюється

за часом.

Запитання для самоперевірки.

1. Як утворюється Participle II? 2. Коли вживається Present Indefinite Passive Voice? 3. Чим відрізняється Passive Voice від Active Voice?

Запам’ятайте прислів’я з Passive Voice!

Marriages are made in heaven.

The road to hell is paved with good intensions.

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Вправа 4. Уважно прочитайте речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад. Визначте стан та час присудка у реченнях.

1. The Earth attracts the Moon. – The Moon is attracted by the Earth. Земля притягає Місяць. – Місяць притягається Землею. 2. Shevchenko wrote “Kateryna” – “Kateryna” was written by Shevchenko. Шевченко написав «Катерину». – «Катерина» написана Шевченком. 3. They will build the palace. – The palace will be built by them. Вони збудують палац. – Палац буде збудований ними. 4. Students translated texts at home. – The texts were translated by student at home. Студенти переклали тексти вдома. – Тексти були перекладені студентами вдома. 5. The teacher asked me some questions. – I was asked some questions. Викладач задав мені декілька запитань. – Мені було задано декілька запитань.

Вправа 5. Заповніть пропуски дієсловом to be у потрібній формі та перекладіть речення.

1. Our laboratory ___ provided with all necessary equipment next year. 2. These modern houses ___ built last year. 3. My friend ___ asked at the lesson yesterday. 4. The old houses ___ reconstructed in our city now. 5. We ___

offered an interesting work tomorrow. 6. This novel ___ written by Charles Dickens. 7. The shop ___ closed at eight yesterday. 8. When ___ Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute founded? 9. The newspapers ___ usually brought in the morning. 10. An interesting problem ___ discussed at the last lecture. 11. The academic year ___ divided in two terms. 12. The experiments ___ completed by the end of the week. 13. Metallic objects ___ attracted by a magnet. 14. Ukraine

___ subdivided into 24 regions.

14.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 6. Поставте заперечення та усі можливі запитання до речень.

1. I am asked by my teacher at every lesson. 2. These trees were planted by the students of our University in 1990. 3. Many books for children will be published in our country next year.

Вправа 7. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у потрібній формі пасиву.

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1. Those books (to return) to the library yesterday. 2. The patient (to take) to the hospital last week, and (to operate) on tomorrow morning. 3. This room (to use) only on special occasions. 4. Litter must not (to leave) here. 5. This newspaper (not to read) because the pages (not to cut). 6. Dictionaries may not (to use) at the examination. 7. Usually the experiments (to carry out) every day, but they (not to make) yesterday. 8. Thousands of new houses (to build) every year. 9. These methods often (to use) in production.

Вправа 8. Складіть розповідь про освіту в Україні, використовуючи активні слова та словосполучення.

Lesson 15. Our Alma Mater 15.1. Розмовна тема. Наш університет

National Technical University “KhPI”Active Vocabulary:

respectively – відповідно; outstanding scientist – видатний вчений; to admit – приймати; Academic Council – вчена рада; employee – робітник; design – проектування; to contribute – робити внесок; to appoint – призначати; position – посада; to grant – надавати; recognition – визнання; contribution – внесок; development – розвиток; extramural department – заочне відділення; alumnus (pl. alumni) – випускник; thin film – тонка плівка; strength of materials – опір матеріалів.

The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. It is that year when Kharkiv Institute of Technology, or KhIT (the original name of our University), was founded. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of the Russian Empire. When the Institute was opened it had only two faculties: mechanical and chemical and 125 students (85 at the mechanical and 40 students at the chemical faculties respectively). The founder and the first director of our Institute was Professor V.L. Kirpichov, an outstanding scientist in the field of mechanics.

By the beginning of the 20th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students and 250 students were admitted each year. A lot of outstanding scientists whose names are known all over the world worked in KhIT at that time. They were: A.M. Lyapunov, V.A. Steklov, N.N. Beketov,

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K.A. Zvorikin, N.D. Pilchikov and many others. The Institute also had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky who were elected Honorary Members of the Academic Council of our Institute in 1904 and in 1911 respectively.

In 1930 five independent higher educational institutions for mechanical engineering, electrical technology, chemical technology, engineering & construction and aviation were set up on the basis of five separate faculties of the institute.

During the years of the World War II over three thousand professors, students and employees of the institute joined the Army. Evacuated to the cities of Krasnoufimsk and Chirchiq, the institute not only continued training engineering staff, but also solved urgent scientific problems related to strengthening the defense of the country (such as contributing to the tank design work led by Alexander Morozov, one of the key experts in the development of T-34 tank).

In 1949 four higher educational establishments, namely the institutes for mechanical engineering, chemical technology, electrical technology and the institute of the cement industry reunited into the V.I. Lenin Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute. Professor Mikhail Semko was appointed its rector and stayed at this position for 30 years.

In April 1994 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine granted Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute the university status, so it was renamed to Kharkiv State Polytechnic University (KhSPU).

On the 11th of September 2000 (two thousand) our Institute was given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”. The status of “National” is a recognition of our Institute contribution to the development of national higher education, science and economy.

NTU “KhPI” is one of the leading higher educational establishments of Ukraine. It is also one of the largest and oldest not only in our city but in our country as well. There are more than 20 departments training students for more than 90 specialities (at day-time and extramural departments). During its glorious history our Polytechnic has trained more than 130,000 specialists. Among them are such noted alumni and employees as Lev Landau, Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner (1962); Nikolay Beketov, Russian physical chemist; Mikhail Gurevich, Soviet aircraft designer; Anton Valter, Soviet

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