Навч_Пос_бник_Лазарева_Ковтун

nuclear physicist, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and many others.

Scientific schools well-known all over Ukraine and the world are developed in the fields of physics of thin films, dynamics and strength of materials, cutting machinery, design and production of turbines etc.

Many University departments cooperate with foreign countries: Germany, Hungary, Austria, France and America in various fields of modern technology and business.

Вправа 1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. When was our university founded? 2. Who was the founder and the first director of our university? 3. What outstanding scientists worked at our university at the beginning of the 20th century? 4. When was our Institute given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”? 5. How many departments are there in NTU “KhPI”? 6. What scientific schools are developed in our university? 7. What foreign countries does our University cooperate with?

Вправа 2. Доповніть діалоги, розіграйте їх у парах.

1.– I am going to be a/an ___ – Why? – For a number of reasons. – What reasons? – The main one is ___. – Where are you going to study? – I am going to study ___.

2.– Have you passed your exams? – Yes, it was not very difficult. – It is because you worked ___. – Well, it was all right in ___, but I did not do so well in ___. – And what about your ___? – Not so bad, ___.

15.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 3. Поставте запитання до стверджувальних речень за темою «Наш університет».

1. The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. 2. A lot of outstanding scientists worked in the KhIT. 3. By the beginning of the 20th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students. 4. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of Russian Empire. 5. Professor M.F. Semko was appointed the Rector of

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the Polytechnic Institute. 6. The Institute had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky.

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски у тексті (лист до друга з розповіддю про навчання в НТУ „ХПІ”).

September, ___, 20___

My dear friend ___,

I want to tell you a few words about my university.

I am a first-year student of ___ University. My University is in ___ street / highway next to the ___ Metro station / bus / tram stop. My University is / is not large. There are few / quite a few lecture halls, rooms for studies and laboratories there. Its research laboratories are / are not provided with the most up-to-date equipment. The scientists of our University carry out research in various fields such as ___. There are very many / some / no well-known scientists working at our University.

My major is ___. As a first-year student I am not doing any research yet but I am planning to take part in the research activities of our department next year /in a year / in the third year. I am going to graduate from the University in ___.

Now I live in a hostel quite near to / rather far away from the University. I share the room with first year / graduate students. They are quite / not really friendly. Along with studying I am also interested in ___. We have all the opportunities to train any kind of sports at our sports grounds and special facilities.

I would like to know about your student’s life and your educational establishment.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Love.

Your friend ___.

15.3. Розмовні формули. Approval

Прочитайте зразки розмовних формул і складіть коротенькі діалоги.

We may agree or disagree when somebody states something. E.g.:

This is an interesting book. The weather is bad today.

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Our emotional reaction to some statement may be also as follows:

We age going to London in two days. There will be no English lesson next week.

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Вправа 5. Складіть короткі діалоги, використовуючи вирази згоди – незгоди та емоційного ставлення до тверджень.

15.4. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What’s a Neutrino?

A neutrino, an elementary particle whose existence was first suggested by physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, is electrically neutral and can pass through ordinary substances intact, rarely interacting with other particles. Neutrinos are believed to have a very small mass or possibly no mass whatsoever.

Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood.

Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Neutrinos are affected only by a “weak” sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles, but gravity is by far the weakest of the four known forces.

Three types of neutrinos are known; there is strong evidence that no additional neutrinos exist, unless their properties are unexpectedly very different from the known types. Each type of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the “electron neutrino” is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau (elementary particles are frequently labelled with Greek letters, to confuse the layman).

Виберіть правильний варіант.

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1.The existence of a neutrino was predicted by physicist ___. a) Enrico Fermi b) Niels Bohr c) Wolfgang Pauli

2.Neutrinos are ___.

a) electrically neutral b) positively charged c) negatively charged

3.There are ___ types of neutrinos. a) seven b) two c) three

4.It is considered that a neutrino has a very small ___. a) mass b) energy c) size

☺ Smile !

–How many programmers does it take to change a light-bulb?

–None. It’s a hardware problem.

15.5.Граматика. Пасивний стан дієслова груп Continuous,

Perfect.

Continuous Passive Voice. Стверджувальна форма

Запам’ятайте! В Passive Voice не використовується форма Continuous у

майбутньому часі. Замість Future Continuous вживається Future Indefinite

Питальна форма (Загальні запитання)

Запам’ятайте! У питальній формі змінюється порядок слів: перед підметом ставиться перше допоміжне дієслово.

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Заперечна форма

Запам’ятайте! Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.

Perfect Passive Voice Стверджувальна форма

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Запитання для самоперевірки.

1. Як утворюється запитання, коли є декілька допоміжних дієслів? 2. Коли вживається Continuous Passive Voice? 3. Коли вживається Perfect Passive Voice?

Вправа 6. Перекладіть речення. Визначте час та стан присудка у кожному реченні.

1. The Nobel Prize has been awarded to British scientists for this outstanding discovery. 2. Lasers have been used by communication and building workers, drillers etc. They have been made to help doctors and scientists in their research. 3. Experts believe that by the end of the decade lasers will have been used in many fields of technology. 4. When modern computers had been designed they found wide application in industry. 5. Polypropylene resins are being used in films, tubes and hundreds of other industrial articles. 6. Polymers are machined much better and easier than wood, stone or metal, therefore so much attention is being paid to these man-made materials at present. 7. The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived. 8. When I come home the family will be watching TV.

Вправа 7. Перетворіть речення із активного стану у пасивний.

1. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 2. He published the book last year. 3. Somebody has opened the door and switched on the light. 4. They will answer you in some days. 5. Who wrote this novel? 6. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 7. We have looked for the wallet everywhere. 8. Nobody has visited him. 9. They will have finished the work by twelve. 10. Students are taking the exams now.

15.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Поставте присудок у реченнях в усі форми пасивного стану. Виберіть необхідний індикатор часу: always, often, in 2001, yesterday, at

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five o’clock tomorrow, in a week, today, by the end of the month, when I came in, by the time of our arrival, at the moment, during the break, just.

1. The articles are translated by Peter. 2. The devices are constructed by our engineers.

Вправа 9. Визначте часову форму пасивного стану дієслова у кожному реченні.

1. Interesting and important research works are made all over the world. An interesting research in the field of power engineering is being currently made at our Institute. 2. Weather conditions in the North were studied by meteorologists daily. The information about these conditions was being studied by our group during a week. 3. The accuracy of machine-tools will be improved from year to year. Only one machine-tool is being worked at in our laboratory. 4. The advantages of solar energy use are understood by everybody. Now solar energy and its application are being studied by lots of research groups. 5. New methods of obtaining polymers have been applied lately. 6. The flexible line that has been recently developed at our plant. It has greatly improved the production process. 7. A great number of experiments at the research institute had been made before the flood defense system was worked out. 8. Our workshop will have been equipped with new multipurpose machine-tools by the time when the reconstruction of the plant is over.

Вправа 10. Складіть розповідь про свій вищий навчальний заклад з використанням активних слів та виразів.

Lesson 16. My Department 16.1. Розмовна тема. Мій факультет

Вправа 1. Доповніть текст даними про ваш факультет.

The department of ___ was founded in ___. It trains specialists for ___ industry.

It closely cooperates with industrial enterprises such as ___.

Besides training specialists our department conducts research and scientific work.

Many well-known scientists such as ___ worked at our department.

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At present time the department trains specialists in ___ specialities. These specialities are: ___.

Graduates of our department work at ___.

Departments and specialities of the NTU “KhPI”

1.Mechanical and Technological Faculty (Механіко-технологічний факультет)

∙Foundry and foundry equipment (Ливарне виробництво та ливарне обладнання)

∙Applied materials science (Прикладне матеріалознавство)

∙Pressurized metal forming equipment (Обладнання для обробки металів тиском)

∙Computer-aided and integrated technologies, processes and production (Комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології, процеси та виробництва)

∙Computer-aided design and information technologies (Інформаційні

технології проектування)

2.Mechanical Engineering Faculty (Машинобудівний факультет)

∙Mechanical engineering technology (Технологія машинобудування)

∙Mechanical handling machinery (Підйомно-транспортне обладнання)

∙Metal cutting machine-tools (Металоріжучі верстати)

∙Hydraulic and pneumatic machinery and hydraulic drive (Гідропневмоавтоматика та гідропривід)

∙Computer-aided control of the technological processes (Комп’ютерне управління технологічними процесами)

∙Automation of technological process and production (Автоматизація

технологічних процесів та виробництв)

3.Power-Plant Engineering Faculty (Енергомашинобудівний факультет)

∙Heat and power engineering (Теплоенергетика)

∙Boilers and reactors (Котли і реактори)

∙Hydraulic and pneumatic machines (Гідравлічні та пневматичні машини)

∙Hydro-power engineering (Гідроенергетика)

∙Power management (Енергетичний менеджмент)

∙Turbines (Турбіни)

∙Thermal physics (Термофізика)

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∙Gas and oil-mining equipment (Обладнання газових і нафтових промислів)

4.Transport Engineering Faculty (Факультет транспортного машинобудування)

∙Internal combustion engines (Двигуни внутрішнього згоряння)

∙Military wheel and caterpillar vehicles (Військові колісні та гусеничні машини)

∙Electric systems and vehicle complexes (Електричні системи і комплекси транспортних засобів)

∙Urban electric transport (Міський електротранспорт)

∙Rolling stock and special technical equipment of railway transport (Рухомий склад і спеціальна техніка залізничного транспорту)

∙Motor-car- and tractor building (Автомобілета тракторобудування)

∙Automobiles and automobile industry (Автомобілі та автомобільне господарство)

∙Computer-aided design of vehicles (Комп’ютерне проектування

транспортних засобів)

5.Faculty of Physics and Technology (Фізико-технічний факультет)

∙Physical materials science (Фізичне матеріалознавство)

∙Alternative power sources (Нетрадиційні джерела енергії)

∙Cryogenic engineering (Кріогенна техніка і технології)

∙Technical equipment and high voltage electrophysics (Техніка і електрофізика високих напруг)

∙Nanoand micro-technologies (Нано- і мікротехнології)

6.Electric Machine-Engineering Faculty (Електромашинобудівний факультет)

∙Devices and systems of nondestructive testing (Прилади і системи неруйнівного контролю)

∙Automated electromechanical systems and electric drive (Електромеханічні автоматизовані системи і електропривід)

∙Electric machines and equipment (Електричні машини і прилади)

∙Electronic systems (Електронні системи)

∙Home appliances (Електропобутові прилади)

∙Scientific, analytical and ecological devices and systems (Наукові,

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